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Galera Cluster MariaDB Configuration On CentOS 7

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Galera Cluster On Centos 7

Galera cluster is a true multi-master MySQL cluster using synchronous replication.   It allows for any of the nodes to be used as a master or all of them as well as providing automatic node joining and node removal. The multi-master configuration is very different from the typical master-slave configuration done with MySQL  servers and can provide much more load balancing and fault tolerance.  This guide will help you setup a basic Galera Cluster with MariaDB and CentOS 7. We will configure 3 nodes as that is the minimum required for redundancy, if you were to configure a two-node cluster, if one was to leave the cluster ungracefully the second node would cease to function as well.Galera And MariaDB InstallationFirst you are going to want to install MariaDB, version 10.1, on each of the three nodes.Add the repository to each of the 3 nodesnano /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB10.1.repoInsert the following repository information and save the file# MariaDB 10.1 CentOS repository list – created 2017-08-10 00:39 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1Install the packages from yum, Galera is included when these are installedyum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-commonOnce yum has completed installing finish the installation by runningmysql_secure_installationWe are going to use rsync to perform the replication so install that as well, we will also use lsof to make sure the server is bound to the correct ports:yum install -y rsync lsofMake sure each of the MariaDB instances starts on rebootsystemctl enable mariadbGalera Master Node ConfigurationAfter installing MariaDB on the master node edit the server.cnf filenano /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnfYou will want to insert the following under the [galera] sectionbinlog_format=ROW
default-storage-engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
bind-address=0.0.0.0
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=”gcomm://192.168.1.100,192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102″

## Galera Cluster Configuration
wsrep_cluster_name=”cluster1″
## Galera Synchronization Configuration
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
## Galera Node Configuration
wsrep_node_address=”192.168.1.100″
wsrep_node_name=”centos7-vm1″wsrep_on=ON – Setting this to ON enables replication. In MariaDB 10.1, replication is turned off as a default, so this needs to be explicitly stated.wsrep_cluster_address  – This is where we specify each of the IP addresses for the nodes delineated by a comma. The primary node is always the first IP address, this this case its 192.168.1.100wsrep_cluster_name – Is the name of the cluster, you can name this anything you wantwsrep_node_address – Is the IP address of the node you are configuringwsrep_node_name – This is the name of the node you are currently configuring, it can be named anything you want, it just needs to be unique.Under the [mysqld] section add a log location (if you don’t, it will log to the main syslog)log_error=/var/log/mariadb.logOnce you have finished editing and saved server.cnf, go ahead and create the error logtouch /var/log/mariadb.logGive the error log the appropriate permissions:chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb.logYou can now start the new master node by typing the followinggalera_new_clusterAfter you have started it, make sure it has bound to the correct ports using lsofPort 4567 is for replication traffic:# lsof -i:4567
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 4121 mysql 11u IPv4 34770 0t0 TCP *:tram (LISTEN)Port 3306 is for MySQL client connections:# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 4121 mysql 26u IPv4 34787 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)You will want to add the the ports to the firewall, in this case we are using firewalldfirewall-cmd –zone=public –add-service=mysql –permanent
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=3306/tcp –permanent
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=4567/tcp –permanent
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=4567/udp –permanentThen reload the firewall:firewall-cmd –reloadMake sure the cluster is running my connecting to MariaDB on the primary nodemysql -uroot -pThen check the cluster sizeMariaDB [(none)]> SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘wsrep_cluster_size’;
+——————–+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+——————–+——-+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1 |
+——————–+——-+It should say 1 at this point because only the primary node is connected.Adding Additional Nodes To GaleraAfter installing MariaDB on the addtional nodes, you will want to copy the [galera] section of /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf that We created earlier and insert it into the server.cnf on each of the additional nodes. The only lines that will each on each of the additional nodes will be the the following:wsrep_node_address=”192.168.1.100″
wsrep_node_name=”centos7-vm1″The wsrep_node_address will be the IP address of the node you are configuring and the wsrep_node_name will be the name of that node.After you have finished each of the servers configuration files, you can start them normallysystemctl start mariadbAs each node connects to the cluster you should see the wsrep_cluster_size increase:MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘wsrep_cluster_size’;
+——————–+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+——————–+——-+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+——————–+——-+You will also see nodes join in the log:WSREP: Member 1.0 (centos7-vm2) synced with group.The logs will also indicate when a node as left the group:WSREP: forgetting 96a5eca6 (tcp://192.168.1.101:4567)
WSREP: New COMPONENT: primary = yes, bootstrap = no, my_idx = 0, memb_num = 2You can view the full configuration of Galera by typing the following:MariaDB [(none)]> show status like ‘wsrep%’;
+——————————+——————————————————–+
| Variable_name | Value |
+——————————+——————————————————–+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 0 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 2 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 3 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | 6173c852-7ca0-11e7-8d8e-0e2551d18de1 |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 87a5891a-7ca0-11e7-a3bb-fe31f8409645 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.101:3306,192.168.1.7:3306,192.168.1.100:3306 |
| wsrep_last_committed | 2 |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 1 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 |
| wsrep_local_commits | 0 |
| wsrep_local_index | 1 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.125000 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 6173c852-7ca0-11e7-8d8e-0e2551d18de1 |
| wsrep_protocol_version | 7 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <[email protected]> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.20(r3703) |
| wsrep_ready | ON |
| wsrep_received | 8 |
| wsrep_received_bytes | 1169 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 359 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 1 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 31 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 1 |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 454 |
| wsrep_thread_count | 2 |
+——————————+——————————————————–+ Testing Replication On The Galera ClusterFirst access one of the nodes MariaDB installs# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 10.1.25-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>Then create a new databaseMariaDB [(none)]> create database galera_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Then check to ensure it was replicated to the other nodesMariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| galera_test |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+——————–+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)You should see the ‘galera_test’ database appear on the other nodes as well. That is it for the inital configuration of the MariaDB Galera Cluster on CentOS 7Aug 9, 2017LinuxAdmin.io

How To Use True People Search To Search People Free – NoobsLab

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How To Use True People Search To Search People Free - NoobsLab

Are you looking to reconnect with an old friend or long-lost family member? Or perhaps you’re trying to uncover a person’s contact information for business purposes? Whatever the reason may be, you’re in luck. In this age of technology, searching for people online has become easier than ever before.
One useful tool for finding people freely is True People Search. In this blog post, we’ll explore how to use this platform effectively to search for people free of charge and provide tips to ensure the best results. Keep reading to learn more.

How can you search people for free using True People Search?

True People Search is a powerful tool that allows you to search people for free using their name, phone number, or address. If you’re trying to find an old friend, locate a family member, or track down someone you’ve lost touch with, True People Search can help you find the information you need.
One of the most convenient features of True People Search is that it’s completely free to use. You don’t need to pay fees or provide credit card information to access the service. All you need is basic information about the person you’re trying to find, and True People Search will do the rest.
To use True People Search, enter the name, phone number, or address of the person you’re trying to find into the search bar on the True People Search website. The search engine will then scan multiple databases to find relevant information, including public records, social media profiles, and other online sources. You’ll be able to see the person’s full name, current and past phone numbers, current and past addresses, and more.
With True People Search, you can quickly and easily locate people for free and reconnect with those who matter most to you.

What are the benefits of searching for people in your personal life?
One of the key benefits of searching for people is that it can help you rediscover lost connections, relationships, and memories. Sometimes, an unexpected reunion with someone from your past can provide comfort, reconnect you with your roots, and remind you of precious moments and experiences you’ve shared together.In addition to providing emotional and psychological benefits, searching for people in your personal life can also have practical benefits. For example, finding an old college roommate can help you expand your professional network while reconnecting with a former colleague can provide you with valuable career advice and job leads. Furthermore, reuniting with estranged family members can help you develop a sense of belonging and support, improving your overall well-being and mental health.

What information can you find on True People Search?

True People Search is an online platform that allows users to find public records information on individuals. Through their search feature, True People Search provides access to various types of public records information such as criminal records, arrest records, marriage records, divorce records, and property records.
When you search for someone on True People Search, you can expect to find a range of information about them, including their full name, age, date of birth, address history, phone numbers, email addresses, and even possible relatives.
Additionally, you may be able to access social media profiles linked to the person in question. This information can be incredibly helpful for reconnecting with old friends and acquaintances or performing due diligence on potential business associates or employees.
True People Search is a powerful tool for locating friends, family members, and former colleagues, all for free. From reverse phone lookups to social media profiles, this website provides a wealth of information at your fingertips. By following the steps outlined in this blog post, you can start your search today and reconnect with those who matter most to you.

Wine 9.14 Continues Working On ODBC Windows Driver Support, Fixes For AOL

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Wine 9.14 Continues Working On ODBC Windows Driver Support, Fixes For AOL

Wine 9.14 is another release off its usual Friday bi-weekly release regiment and instead debuted on Sunday evening. With this Wine 9.14 release there are yet more fixes and improvements while Wine-Staging 9.14 was also released near concurrently.
Wine 9.14 re-implements mail slots using server-side I/O, continues working on ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) Windows driver support that’s been carried over from the prior release, and there is yet more USER32 data structure work within shared memory. The bug fixes in Wine 9.14 help games from Civilization I and Warlords III to having two bug fixes for handling the AOL desktop software… Yes, America Online. Wine’s new CMD.EXE implementation can also now properly handle || and &&. Downloads and more details on the Wine 9.14 development release via WineHQ.org. Wine-Staging 9.14 is also now available with 371 patches atop upstream Wine. Wine-Staging is slightly smaller due to some of the ODBC patches in Wine 9.14 coming from the staging repository. Wine-Staging 9.14 also carries a new patch working on the IDXGISwapChain::GetFrameStatistics implementation.

Conosciamo GNOME Boxes – Aggregatore GNU/Linux e dintorni

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GNOME Boxes

Per i miei test e recensioni, senza dover installare necessariamente una distribuzione GNU/Linux o un software da provare, uso GNOME Boxes. Nella stragrande maggioranza dei casi funziona egregiamente con tutte le distribuzioni GNU/Linux che ho avuto occasione di testare.

GNOME Boxes è un software di virtualizzazione facile da usare sviluppato dal team GNOME. Consente agli utenti di installare direttamente varie distribuzioni GNU/Linux, personalizzare impostazioni come indirizzo IP, core CPU, spazio su disco e RAM e persino scattare istantanee (snapshot) del sistema operativo da cui riprendere successivamente per continuare le prove.

Inoltre con funzionalità come l’installazione rapida e il rilevamento automatico della risoluzione dello schermo, GNOME Boxes offre un’esperienza ottima per la gestione delle macchine virtuali.

Ecco alcune delle sue peculiarità principali:

Interfaccia Utente Amichevole: GNOME Boxes è integrato nell’ambiente desktop GNOME e offre un’interfaccia intuitiva, rendendo facile l’accesso e la gestione delle macchine virtuali.

Facilità di Accesso: Permette di creare e gestire macchine virtuali con pochi clic, senza necessità di configurazioni complesse.

Supporto per QEMU, KVM e libvirt: Utilizza queste tecnologie di virtualizzazione per garantire prestazioni elevate e compatibilità.

Creazione di VM da File o URL Remoti: È possibile creare macchine virtuali utilizzando file immagine locali o scaricandoli direttamente da URL remoti.

Monitoraggio delle Prestazioni: Offre strumenti per monitorare le prestazioni delle macchine virtuali, come l’utilizzo della CPU e della memoria.

Come indicato al punto 4 della breve lista di riepilogo delle caratteristiche principali, con GNOME Boxes, non è necessario scaricare il file ISO di nessuna delle principali distribuzioni GNU/Linux come Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Manjaro e diverse altre perché rese disponibili in una finestra di scelta rapida. La lista propone le ultime versioni disponibili delle principali distribuzioni GNU/Linux ma ha anche uno storico delle versioni precedenti. Ovviamente ha anche la possibilità di avviare immagini ISO scaricate precedentemente e pronte all’uso.

GNOME Boxes è disponibile per l’installazione direttamente dai Centri Software o Negozi Software delle distribuzioni GNU/Linux che usano GNOME come ambiente desktop predefinito essendo un pacchetto software direttamente gestito dal team GNOME.

Puoi tranquillamente usare GNOME Boxes anche su distribuzioni GNU/Linux che non hanno GNOME come ambiente desktop predefinito senza problemi significativi. Anche se GNOME Boxes è progettato per l’ambiente desktop GNOME, è compatibile con altre distribuzioni GNU/Linux, ad esempio Kubuntu.

GNOME Boxes è disponibile anche in formato Flatpak quindi puoi installarlo facilmente da Flathub. Questo ti permette di utilizzare GNOME Boxes su diverse distribuzioni GNU/Linux, inclusa Kubuntu, senza problemi di dipendenze.

GNOME Boxes può virtualizzare anche immagini ISO di Windows, ma ci sono alcune limitazioni e potenziali problemi da considerare, che sono fondamentalmente quelli ereditati dall’uso degli ambienti su cui è costruito GNOME Boxes ovvero QEMU, KVM e libvirt:

Prestazioni Grafiche: GNOME Boxes non supporta ancora l’accelerazione 3D, quindi le prestazioni grafiche potrebbero non essere ottimali, specialmente per applicazioni grafiche intensive.

Compatibilità con Windows 11: Per installare Windows 11, è necessario configurare l’emulazione UEFI e TPM2, e poiché GNOME Boxes non supporta nativamente queste funzionalità questo può richiedere configurazioni aggiuntive.

Requisiti di Sistema: Assicurati che il tuo sistema abbia abbastanza risorse (RAM, CPU) per eseguire Windows in una macchina virtuale. Windows 10, ad esempio, richiede almeno 4 GB di RAM per funzionare correttamente.

Nonostante queste limitazioni, molti utenti riescono a eseguire Windows 10 e 11 in GNOME Boxes con buoni risultati. Se hai bisogno di prestazioni grafiche migliori o di funzionalità avanzate, dovresti considerare altre soluzioni di virtualizzazione come VirtualBox o VMware.

GNOME Boxes richiede che la CPU supporti una qualche forma di virtualizzazione assistita da hardware (Intel VT-x, ad esempio); quindi GNOME Boxes non funzionano con le CPU Intel Pentium/Celeron poiché mancano di questa caratteristica.

Quindi GNOME Boxes è particolarmente utile per chi cerca una soluzione di virtualizzazione semplice e integrata nell’ambiente GNOME facile da usare.

Fonte: https://fosspost.org/install-vmware-workstation-pro-for-linux
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The 6 Best Open Source Music Editing Software for Linux

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The 6 Best Open Source Music Editing Software for Linux

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Linux offers a treasure trove of open-source software for music editing, catering to users from budding musicians to professional sound engineers. Diving into this vast selection, I’ve curated a list of the top six open-source music editing software for Linux, based on their features, flexibility, and how they’ve stood the test of time in my personal and professional experience. Whether you’re mixing, mastering, or just playing around, these tools are sure to elevate your audio projects.
Open Source Music Editing Software for Linux
Note: I have provided step-by-step instructions at the end, taking an example of installing Audacity.
1. Audacity: The Swiss Army Knife of Sound Editing

Features:

Audacity is a powerhouse, offering a wide range of features from multi-track editing to effects and live recording. It supports various file formats and boasts an extensive collection of plugins.
One of its standout features is noise reduction, which is incredibly effective for cleaning up audio files.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install audacity
Fedora: sudo dnf install audacity
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S audacity

Why It’s on the List: Audacity is my go-to for quick edits and simple projects. Its intuitive interface and robust editing capabilities make it perfect for both beginners and experienced users. However, its UI might feel a bit dated to some.
2. Ardour: The Professional’s Playground

Features:

Ardour offers comprehensive recording, editing, mixing, and mastering tools, rivaling even expensive commercial software.
It supports a wide range of plugins, including LV2, VST, and more, making it highly versatile for any project.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install ardour
Fedora: sudo dnf install ardour
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S ardour

Why It’s on the List: Its depth for professional use is unmatched in the open-source realm. Ardour is my preference for complex projects where precision and a broad toolset are necessary. The learning curve is steeper, but the payoff in production quality is worth it.

3. LMMS: Beat Making and Synthesis

Features:

LMMS shines with its beat-making, synthesizing, and MIDI control capabilities. It’s packed with samples, preloaded instruments, and effects.
The software also supports VST and LADSPA plugins for extensive customization.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install lmms
Fedora: sudo dnf install lmms
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S lmms

Why It’s on the List: LMMS is my favorite for electronic music production. Its user-friendly interface and rich features make it a joy to use for creating beats and synth lines. While it might not be the first choice for traditional recording, it excels in digital music creation.
4. Hydrogen: Drum Machine Deluxe

Features:

Hydrogen is a highly customizable drum machine with an intuitive pattern-based sequencer, mixer, and a vast library of samples.
It’s designed for ease of use while providing advanced features like the ability to import sound samples in various formats.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install hydrogen
Fedora: sudo dnf install hydrogen
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S hydrogen

Why It’s on the List: I recommend Hydrogen for anyone looking to add high-quality drum tracks to their projects. Its focus on drum programming, combined with the flexibility of sound shaping, makes it indispensable for my rhythm section arrangements.
5. Qtractor: The DAW for the Rest of Us

Features:

Qtractor is a digital audio workstation that balances functionality and simplicity, making it accessible for users of all skill levels.
It supports multi-track audio and MIDI sequencing and is compatible with a wide range of plugins.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install qtractor
Fedora: sudo dnf install qtractor
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S qtractor

Why It’s on the List: Qtractor is my pick for users transitioning from basic software to more comprehensive DAWs. It offers a gentle learning curve with enough depth to get serious work done, making it a solid choice for intermediate projects.
6. Rosegarden: Music Composition and Editing

Features:

Rosegarden is a music composition and editing environment best known for its strong MIDI sequencing and notation editing capabilities.
It supports LADSPA plugins and provides a rich set of features for composers, including score editing and event editing.

Installation:

Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install rosegarden
Fedora: sudo dnf install rosegarden
Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S rosegarden

Why It’s on the List: Rosegarden is my recommendation for composers and musicians who need powerful notation and sequencing tools. Its focus on composition, coupled with a detailed editing interface, makes it a unique tool in my audio toolkit.
Example: Installing Audacity on Ubuntu
Step 1: Update Your Package List
Before installing any new software, it’s a good practice to update your package list to ensure you get the latest versions available. Open your terminal and type:
sudo apt update
Example Output:
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Fetched 329 kB in 2s (183 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
All packages are up to date.

This output indicates your package lists are updated.

Step 2: Install Audacity
Now, to install Audacity, execute the following command:
sudo apt-get install audacity -y

The -y flag automatically confirms the installation, so you won’t be prompted to do so manually.
Example Output:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
audacity-data libaudacity0
Suggested packages:
ladspa-plugin
The following NEW packages will be installed:
audacity audacity-data libaudacity0
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 42.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 audacity-data all 2.3.3-2 [3,964 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libaudacity0 amd64 2.3.3-2 [2,676 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 audacity amd64 2.3.3-2 [4,159 kB]
Fetched 10.8 MB in 4s (2,703 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package audacity-data.
(Reading database … 204858 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/audacity-data_2.3.3-2_all.deb …
Unpacking audacity-data (2.3.3-2) …
Selecting previously unselected package libaudacity0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack …/libaudacity0_2.3.3-2_amd64.deb …
Unpacking libaudacity0:amd64 (2.3.3-2) …
Selecting previously unselected package audacity.
Preparing to unpack …/audacity_2.3.3-2_amd64.deb …
Unpacking audacity (2.3.3-2) …
Setting up audacity-data (2.3.3-2) …
Setting up libaudacity0:amd64 (2.3.3-2) …
Setting up audacity (2.3.3-2) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) …
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24-1ubuntu3) …
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) …

This output shows that Audacity and its dependencies are being downloaded and installed. Once completed, Audacity is ready for use.
Step 3: Launch Audacity
You can start Audacity through the terminal by typing:
audacity &

The & at the end runs Audacity in the background, allowing you to continue using the terminal. Alternatively, you can find Audacity in your application menu and launch it from there.
Wrapping Up
Overall, the Linux ecosystem offers a rich selection of open-source music editing software, catering to a wide range of audio editing needs. From the versatility of Audacity, ideal for quick edits and simple projects, to the professional-grade features of Ardour, and the beat-making prowess of LMMS, there’s something for everyone.

Distro Walk – SnoopGod » Linux Magazine

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SnoopGod delivers an Ubuntu-based pentesting distribution with an emphasis on security education.

From Parrot to Kali to Qubes OS and Tails, Linux has no shortage of security-focused distributions. SnoopGod, however, takes a different approach. A team of four led by founder Nicolas Chabrilliat, SnoopGod aims not only to provide a secure distribution with some 800 tools and an accessible desktop environment, but to create a community to promote security awareness and knowledge. In the following exchange, Chabrilliat talks about these goals and how SnoopGod plans to implement them.Linux Magazine (LM): How did SnoopGod originate?Nicolas Chabrilliat (NC): Working and having developed my company in the field of cybersecurity, I was looking for a friendly interface for my team and me that diverged a bit from the usual logic that if we are in cybersecurity, ethical hacking, or bug bounty, we must necessarily use Kali! Is there a reason for this? I would say that my distrust lies in the fact that a friend taught me a long time ago that when something is offered for free, it means that you are the product.
[…]
Use Express-Checkout link below to read the full article (PDF).

How to Fix Plugins not Installing on WordPress

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how to fix plugins not installing on WordPress

We understand the excitement that comes with discovering new plugins to take your website to the next level. However, we also recognize the occasional frustration when those plugins just refuse to install.
When you can’t install a WordPress plugin, there can be multiple reasons why this is happening. We’re here to help you find out what happened and show you how you can fix it.

Usually, not being able to install a plugin on WordPress comes down to a few key issues. We’ll cover all of these below. Let’s start with the most common issues.
1. Wrong directory and file permissions/ownership
This can happen due to incorrect file or directory permissions, ownership, or both. This error can also be found as a 403 forbidden error and may happen while transferring or editing files via FTP or SSH with different Linux users.
To fix this issue, make sure all folder permissions are set to 755 and all file permissions are set to 644. This lets only the file owner have full access to the files and folders. You can easily do this with the chmod command inside the DocumentRoot of your WordPress website on the specific files and directories with incorrect permissions.
You can also change the permissions for all the files and directories in the DocumentRoot with these commands. Make sure you are already inside the folder where your WordPress installation is:
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +
You may also need to change the ownership of the files and directories to your web server’s user. Depending on your web server and Linux distribution, this user is named differently. It could be www-data, nginx, or apache.
To set the ownership of your WordPress installation, let’s say your WordPress is installed at the directory /var/www/html/wordpress/. To change the ownership of the entire installation to your web server user (in our example it is www-data), you can do that like so:
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wordpress
With that, your web server should now be able to access all WordPress files and folders properly.
2. PHP memory limit is too low
Another error that you may face is exhausting your server’s PHP memory limit with the following error message:
Fatal error: Allowed memory size of X bytes exhausted.
In this case, you should increase the PHP memory limit from cPanel or by finding the php.ini file on your server and increasing the value for the memory_limit variable.
Changing your PHP memory limit using cPanel
You can change the memory limit from cPanel by logging in to your cPanel account and navigating to the “MultiPHP INI Editor” and selecting the WordPress domain. In the Select Location drop-down menu, then you can change the “memory_limit” value.
Changing your PHP memory limit using the php.ini file
If you are not using cPanel you can find the php.ini file by creating a phpinfo.php file that will show you the php.ini location on your server. In most cases it is found at /etc/php/php.ini.
Open the file using your preferred text editor. Then edit the memory_limit variable. If it is set to 128M for example, set it to 256M or 512M.
3. Incompatible plugin
Sometimes plugin incompatibility may be the issue when you are installing a new plugin. You may have a conflict between your already installed plugins, or your theme. Due to this, you won’t be able to install the new plugin. You can test this by installing a WordPress plugin compatibility checker or disabling all the plugins one by one to check which plugin is causing the issue.
Some of the plugins may have requirements which you can check before installing. This may include incompatibility with certain plugins or themes, which PHP or WordPress versions can be used and possibly even required plugins that you might not have installed.
4. Insufficient access rights
Don’t forget to check the WordPress user that you are logged in as when trying to install plugins. You may be logged in with a WordPress user whose role is Author, Editor, Contributor or Subscriber.
Unfortunately, to install WordPress plugins or themes you should be logged in with an Administrator or Super Admin user on your WordPress. Only these WordPress roles can install or manage plugins and themes.
5. Debugging errors
For some errors you may need more information to find out what went wrong. For this purpose, you can enable WordPress debugging.
To do this, you should navigate to the DocumentRoot of the WordPress website and edit the wp-config.php file. You should find the following line in the file: (‘WP_DEBUG’, false);
Then you change it to true and add the following lines to enable debugging:
define( ‘WP_DEBUG’, true );

// Enable Debug logging to the /wp-content/debug.log file

define( ‘WP_DEBUG_LOG’, true );

// Disable display of errors and warnings define( ‘WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY’, false );

@ini_set( ‘display_errors’, 0 );

define( ‘SCRIPT_DEBUG’, true );
Then go ahead and save the wp-config.php file edits and check the log file that you can find in wp-content/debug.log inside your WordPress base directory.
Depending on the output of that log, there could be a bug in the plugin you have, or the plugin code itself may crash due to incompatibility. You’ll have to see what the log output contains.
If you’re lacking storage or RAM however, you should consider moving to a provider that can give you more resources for your money. Our affordable Linux VPS hosting plans let you run your WordPress websites with plenty of resources. All of this at a reasonable price just about anyone can afford.

What is an Immutable Linux Distro?

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What is an Immutable Linux Distro?

When something is termed “Immutable”, it means you cannot change it. For a Linux distribution, it carries the same meaning. But, what exactly is an immutable distro? How is it different from a standard Linux distribution? Should you consider using them, or are they just a cool concept to have?In this article, I shall answer all these questions.What is an Immutable Linux Distro?An immutable distro is an operating system that cannot be changed and is read-only. You cannot make any changes to the core of the operating system (system files and directories).Yes, you can add/remove files for storage and perform all the daily activities. And, the data will be stored as usual. However, any changes that require administrator-level topics just won’t apply. Any system-level change will be temporary (if that happens) and the change will be lost after a reboot. Immutable distributions also handle updates in a distinct way which involves an entire operating system being replaced with new components like a new installation instead of just the packages being upgraded.Often, users confuse themselves that an immutable distro is something entirely unique. But, it is the same Linux distribution, it just differs in how it works/how it allows modification and updates.How Are They Different From Standard Distros?For starters, you can easily break a non-immutable distribution with a sudo-level change, and it will stay like, until you fix it or re-install the entire operating system.With an immutable distro, you cannot break things because you cannot modify anything important that makes the OS work reliably. In other words, it is by design that it will offer you a reliable and stable experience, even better than standard LTS releases.When it comes to updates, it utilizes an “image-based” technique, where you create another instance of the operating system with newer system components. The entire operating system will be replaced with an updated one, keeping your personal files intact.This gives you a benefit in terms of stability and also, security. Especially, for deployments in the cloud, embedded systems, or container architectures. Some benefits of immutable options compared to standard distros include:Malicious attackers cannot make permanent changes to the distro. You can just reboot it and have the same system files intact, giving you enhanced security by design.Updates are more reliable and safer, making maintenance easy.Unintentional changes to the system are not possible as it is read-onlyIf you think you need these benefits for your deployment (or desktop), you can try out some of the best immutable distributions that we have listed, like Vanilla OS, NixOS and more:12 Future-Proof Immutable Linux DistributionsImmutability is a concept in trend. Take a look at what are the options you have for an immutable Linux distribution.Should You Switch to Immutable Distros?If you are a desktop user, it depends on your experience with the usual Linux distributions. For instance, if updates break your OS experience regularly or if you find yourself making unintentional changes that make it unusable, an immutable option should help you.And, if you are deploying an OS in the cloud where you want scalability, reliability, and security, you cannot go wrong with the immutable distributions tailored for such use-cases.

Dome Keeper – A Keeper’s Duty is a big free upgrade out now

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Dome Keeper - A Keeper's Duty is a big free upgrade out now

While developer Bippinbits are working on their next game that has a title so long it’s just hilarious (PVKK: Planetenverteidigungskanonenkommandant), they are still updating Dome Keeper with a big free update out now.
What is Dome Keeper? It’s a rogue-lite survival miner. You get given a dome to protect from waves of aliens, while you also need to dig deep below the surface for minerals to upgrade your dome, but you need to keep a watchful eye on the timer as the aliens just keep coming.
A Keeper’s Duty is a new free update that brings:

New game mode: Guild Assignments.
New primary gadget: Droneyard.
11 new gadgets.
Supplement upgrades for weapons and gadgets.
Prestige mode overhaul.
New world and 5 monsters.
thorough balancing and reworks on existing content.
New loadout menu in preparation of multiplayer.

Check out the new trailer:

Read a lot more about the behind the scenes work in their Steam post, it was quite a lot that changed under the hood like a Godot Engine upgrade.
You can buy Dome Keeper from:
GOG (Windows only)
Fanatical
Steam
Article taken from GamingOnLinux.com.

Easily Retrieve Lost Data Using Linux’s Data Recovery Process

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Easily Retrieve Lost Data Using Linux's Data Recovery Process

Data recovery is often termed as a process of retrieving data that is lost. In other words, a lost data simply means the file cannot be accessed by both the user and the system. It is a nightmare that no tech-savvy would want to experience. This is because Data recovery also implies that there are chances of losing revenue, time, confidence, documentations, contacts, client information, and much more. Everything in your work process is going fine until one day, your system starts showing glitches and the next thing you know is that you’ve lost data due to system crash or corrupted hardware. However, the cloud-saving has made it a bit easier since the data gets synchronized. But, the same cannot be said for other types of data. So at this point, what does one tech-savvy person do? Linux is the answer. Find out more about how Linux has made data recovery easy!Introduction to Live DistributionLinux OS has always been unique in making sure whether Linux distribution is present in the system before its installation. What it does is produce live instances without making any changes in the hard drive. For example, if the system is built on Windows OS then even using Linux won’t change the configuration. This is helpful in the part of Data recovery because by accessing Linux Live tools, you can make copies of data and directories. Recovery Process in LinuxThe Data recovery process gets a bit tricky but not when you learn to understand what’s going on. Let’s take an example of a system that is built for Windows, and suddenly faces an unexpected crash. Now the crash, unfortunately, turns out to be bad, as in it won’t boot at any cost. But, you have important files in the internal drive. Here’s how you can retrieve in. The first you can do is burn the Linux distribution platform using a boot tool into a flash drive. Now, use the same flash drive to run into the system. Click on the option called “Ubuntu” when the prompt appears. You’ll be redirected to the Live Instance then you can find the location of the drive and enter a set of commands. When the Live Instance is running, use the following command to locate drives. Also, the command mentioned below will list out all the drives that are connected to the system. sudo sfdisk -1Following are the results of the drives after using the above-mentioned command:Disk /dev/loop14: 208.76 MiB, 218877952 bytes, 427296 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical) : 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal) : 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loops15: 65.5 MiB, 68206592 bytes, 133216 sectorsUnit: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/sdj: 931.53 GiB, 1000204883968 bytes, 1953525164 sectorsDisk model: External USB 3.0 Unites sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical):  512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel types: dosDisk identifier 0x54daae13 Mounting ProcessAfter imprinting the code, the next process is to mount the drives of the system that has crashed. Now, if you have a single drive then the process of mounting will be relatively easy. However, if you have several drives then it can take you quite some time to mount them all until you find the data you’re looking for. So, to make the data accessible or in short, to mount, here’s what you need to do:Steps The first thing you need to do is to launch a terminal window. There, you must make a new directory using the sudo mkdir /data command. Now, that you have made a directory, you can mount the desired drive in there. The next thing you need to do is assess the type of drive it is. For instance, if the drive is made of NTFS and also exists in the system folder of dev/sdb,  then here’s how the command will be like:sudo mount -t ntfs -3g /dev/sdb1 /data -o forceNow, the reason why the number 1 is in the command is because of the first partition. Assuming that your data exists in the first partition, you can write the code. However, you’d most likely have to go through a number of testings with the command. For more partitions, you can simply replace the number 1 with as many partitions you think has the data. For example let’s take 2;sudo mount -t ntfs -3g /dev/sdb2 /data -o forceAfter you’ve mounted all the drives, they will be placed in the new-made directory. From there, you can simply open them as you like, using the file manager. Or, you can also refer to command lines for opening specific folders.  Following are the folders you will probably see after mounting:     1. Document & Settings    2. System Volume Information     3. WINDOWS     4. Program Files Dealing with the DataNow that you know which folder consists of the data you want to save, simply copy them. Use a USB drive to do the process. Then, click on the option called “Entry” located in the File Manager’s left side and then proceed to mount it. Now, right-click on the folder that has the data and then select the “Copy” option. Go to the USB Drive that you’ve recently installed and then paste it. Let it past for as long as it takes which depends on how many folders you want to paste. It can take up to several minutes to finish. Once it is complete, eject the USB Drive Now, you’ve successfully recovered your data using Linux Distribution. For instance, like this, you can use the above-mentioned process to get access to the data you thought you almost lost. Ddrescue Data Recovery Tool There are other ways to retrieve lost data using Linux too. For example, you can use a GNU License holder tool like Ddrescue to get Data recovery. If you experience a reading error of your data, use this tool. From any hard drive or a cd rom, Ddrescue copies the desired file and places them into either an internal device or external drive. No matter how bad the disk error is, this tool is helpful in getting your desired data back to you. Additionally, it also keeps a track of files so that the redundancy can be reduced during the recovery process. SafeCopy The Linux based recovery tool is SafeCopy which has the same mechanism as the previous tool. It is efficient in retrieving data from a fully damaged drive. The programming language C has a huge role to play in getting data back. One unique thing about this tool is that it works smoothly in the background. So, even if you are working on something important, you won’t face a glitch or lag or lowered system performance. This is a guest post by Perwez Haider