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Reels, Paylines, Symbols & Bonuses

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Reels, Paylines, Symbols & Bonuses

Welcome to the enthralling world of slot machines, where every pull of the lever or push of a button sends players on an exhilarating journey of chance and excitement. Behind the flashing lights and enticing sounds lies a sophisticated labyrinth of gears, algorithms and psychology meticulously crafted to engage players and keep them enthralled. In this exploration of slot machine mechanics we uncover the inner workings of these captivating devices, shedding light on the intricate components that shape the gameplay experience. From the spinning reels to the dazzling array of symbols and bonus features, each element contributes to the tapestry of anticipation and suspense that defines the allure of slot machines. Join us to reveal the secrets behind the magic, offering insights into the key components that drive the pulse-pounding action of one of the most beloved pastimes in the world of gaming.
Reels as The Heart of the Machine
Our journey starts in the beating heart of the slot machine – the reels. These spinning cylinders are not merely for show – they are the very essence of the game’s mechanics. Picture them as the canvas upon which fortunes are painted with every spin. When exploring the basics of reels, one must understand that they come in various configurations, typically three or more, each adorned with a myriad of symbols. From classic fruit motifs to thematic icons, the variety is as vast as the imagination. But their function transcends mere decoration. The role of reels in determining wins is pivotal. With every pull of the lever or push of a button the reels come to life, each rotation holding the promise of success or the sting of defeat. The alignment of symbols across these spinning cylinders is what dictates the outcome, with certain combinations heralding victory and others leading to disappointment. Thus, the reels are not just mechanical components, they are the arbiters of fate, the ultimate deciders of fortune in the world of slot machines.
Mapping the Path to Victory with Paylines
Now let’s unveil the significance of paylines. Paylines serve as the guiding threads that navigate players through the labyrinth of symbols on the reels, ultimately determining the outcome of each spin. However, their influence extends far beyond mere alignment as paylines wield a profound impact on the distribution of wins and payouts. By unraveling the concept of paylines and understanding how they influence gameplay, players can strategize their approach for maximum success. To provide a comprehensive overview of this relationship, let’s look into a table below:

Number of Paylines
Influence on Payouts

Fewer Paylines
Higher payouts per winning combination but less frequent wins

More Paylines
Lower payouts per winning combination but increased chances of winning and triggering bonus features

Decoding the Language of Symbols
The variety of symbols adorning the reels is a testament to the creativity and imagination of game developers, ranging from classic fruits and lucky sevens to mystical creatures and ancient artifacts. Among these, the Pirates Plenty The Sunken Treasure Demo offers a rich array of pirate-themed symbols that add depth and intrigue to the gameplay experience. Each symbol in this game, like cursed coins and hidden treasures, carries its own unique charm and significance, unlocking untold riches and triggering exciting bonus features. Understanding the significance of symbol combinations is akin to mastering a secret language, where specific sequences can unlock hidden treasures and pave the way to monumental wins. Whether it’s aligning rows of golden coins or unveiling the elusive wild symbol, the art of decoding symbol combinations is essential for maximizing your chances of success.
Bonus Features and Elevating the Thrill of Gameplay
Slot machine bonus features are dynamic additions to gameplay and serve as the gateway to enhanced excitement and increased rewards. From free spins and cascading reels to interactive mini-games and progressive jackpots, bonus features introduce a whole new dimension to the gaming experience. However, their impact goes beyond mere entertainment – bonus features have a profound effect on gameplay dynamics. By injecting elements of unpredictability and suspense, they keep players engaged and eager to spin the reels. Whether it’s triggering a thrilling bonus round or uncovering a hidden multiplier, these features add depth and excitement to every spin, ensuring that players remain captivated by the thrill of the game.
Ending Notes
Understanding the key components of slot machine is paramount to unlocking the full potential of this thrilling pastime. From the spinning reels to the intricate paylines and captivating symbols, each element plays a vital role in shaping the gaming experience. The reels serve as the canvas upon which fortunes are painted, while the paylines act as the pathways to victory. Meanwhile, the symbols, with their varied designs and meanings, add depth and excitement to every spin. Together all these components create a tapestry of excitement and anticipation that keeps players coming back for more.
By enhancing your understanding of these components you can elevate your gameplay. With knowledge comes power, and armed with insights into how these components function and interact you can make informed decisions that increase your chances of success. Whether you’re a seasoned veteran or a newcomer to the world of slot machines, taking the time to familiarize yourself with these essential elements will undoubtedly improve your gaming. So, as you continue your journey, may your newfound understanding serve as a guiding light, leading you to greater thrills and victories on the spinning reels.

Developer Successfully Boots Up Linux on Google Drive

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Open Source

Its FOSS writes:
When it comes to Linux, we get to see some really cool, and sometimes quirky projects (read Hannah Montana Linux) that try to show off what’s possible, and that’s not a bad thing. One such quirky undertaking has recently surfaced, which sees a sophomore trying to one-up their friend, who had booted Linux off NFS. With their work, they have been able to run Arch Linux on Google Drive.

Their ultimate idea included FUSE (which allows running file-system code in userspace). The developer’s blog post explains that when Linux boots, “the kernel unpacks a temporary filesystem into RAM which has the tools to mount the real filesystem… it’s very helpful! We can mount a FUSE filesystem in that step and boot normally…. ”

Thankfully, Dracut makes it easy enough to build a custom initramfs… I decide to build this on top of Arch Linux because it’s relatively lightweight and I’m familiar with how it work.”
Doing testing in an Amazon S3 container, they built an EFI image — then spent days trying to enable networking… And the adventure continues. (“Would it be possible to manually switch the root without a specialized system call? What if I just chroot?”) After they’d made a few more tweaks, “I sit there, in front of my computer, staring. It can’t have been that easy, can it? Surely, this is a profane act, and the spirit of Dennis Ritchie ought’t’ve stopped me, right? Nobody stopped me, so I kept going…”

I build the unified EFI file, throw it on a USB drive under /BOOT/EFI, and stick it in my old server… This is my magnum opus. My Great Work. This is the mark I will leave on this planet long after I am gone: The Cloud Native Computer.Despite how silly this project is, there are a few less-silly uses I can think of, like booting Linux off of SSH, or perhaps booting Linux off of a Git repository and tracking every change in Git using gitfs. The possibilities are endless, despite the middling usefulness.If there is anything I know about technology, it’s that moving everything to The Cloud is the current trend. As such, I am prepared to commercialize this for any company wishing to leave their unreliable hardware storage behind and move entirely to The Cloud. Please request a quote if you are interested in True Cloud Native Computing.Unfortunately, I don’t know what to do next with this. Maybe I should install Nix?

Linux Mint 22 is officially out now supported until 2029

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Linux Mint 22 is officially out now supported until 2029

Linux Mint 22 “Wilma” is officially out now, as their next long-term supported release with updates until 2029 based on Ubuntu 24.04. With this release they’ve switched to Pipewire and you get kernel 6.8 for newer hardware support.
Pictured – Linux Mint 22 Cinnamon
I already previously covered the Beta and not much has changed apart from various bug fixes.
As a reminder here’s some of what’s new:

Better language support.
Thunderbird as a .deb package supported by Mint, instead of Ubuntu’s Snap.
Big improvements to the Software Manager:

Improved multi-threading, a new preferences page and a banner slideshow.
Verified Flatpaks show the maintainer name.
Unverified Flatpaks disabled by default (and clearly marked if enabled).

Various artwork improvements.
HiDPI support improvements were made in the boot sequence, in Plymouth and Slick-Greeter.
A new Matrix Web App for chat, replacing Hexchat.

Plus there’s lots of updates to the Cinnamon 6.2 desktop too including:

Wayland support: Clutter polkit agent.
Spices: keybindings support.
Better avatar support in polkit agent and user applet.
Workspace switcher: middle click removes the workspace being hovered.
Keybindings: ability to search by binding.
Cornerbar applet: shift+click action added.
Applets: improved precision in reporting VPN and battery states.

See more on the release notes and what’s new.
Are you a Mint user? What do you think to this release? Let me know in the comments.
Article taken from GamingOnLinux.com.

Kali Linux DEI Promise | Kali Linux Blog

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Last month we were privileged to be invited by GitLab to participate in the introduction of GitLab’s DEI Badging integration. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) badging is an initiative that the Community Health Analytics in Open Source Software (CHAOSS) project created to acknowledge and encourage open source projects’ efforts.Since we first heard of this initiative we have been very excited for the launch. Inclusion in the open source space has always been important and the cornerstone of what makes open source work. This sort of formalization of what inclusion means and how we execute on it is an important step forward in the maturation of open source projects in general. Kali Linux is an open-source, multi-platform, distribution for all users, and with this effort we have the opportunity to make that explicit. We are also proud to say that we have already received our badge, as the first GitLab project to do so, aside from GitLab themselves of course!For our part in this initiative, we have published our DEI.md statement file and promise to continue working on this. We will be putting effort into increasing visibility of our operations in our GitLab group, availability of resources, documentation, and improving and increasing opportunities available for our community and partners to contribute. We are committed to working on this for years to come, and plan to continue to improve upon our work through feedback and thorough review.

How to migrate helm v2 to helm v3

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How to migrate helm v2 to helm v3

This article will guide you about how to migrate helm v2 to helm v3 along with currently running resources in the environment.

In my previous article we have seen how to install helm version 2. Now in this article we are going to migrate currently running helm v2 configuration and its running resources to helm v3. To perform migration of helm v2 to helm v3 we are going to install plugin called 2to3 in the helm3.
Steps to migrate helm v2 to helm v3:

Check currently running resources in helm v2

# helm ls
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
mynginx 1 Tue Jun 30 02:22:13 2020 DEPLOYED nginx-6.0.1 1.19.0 default

# kubectl get all
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/mynginx-5bd8cb6d45-k5vlx 1/1 Running 0 54s

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 28d
service/mynginx NodePort 10.103.194.212 <none> 80:30672/TCP,443:30500/TCP 54s

NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/mynginx 1/1 1 1 54s

NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/mynginx-5bd8cb6d45 1 1 1 54s

Download helm v3 binaries and unzip it.

Please note that helm v3 dont have tiller component running within kubernetes cluster.
# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
–2020-06-30 02:24:33– https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Resolving get.helm.sh (get.helm.sh)… 152.199.39.108, 2606:2800:247:1cb7:261b:1f9c:2074:3c
Connecting to get.helm.sh (get.helm.sh)|152.199.39.108|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: 12926032 (12M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: ‘helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz.1’

helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz.1 100%[============================================================>] 12.33M 2.73MB/s in 4.4s

2020-06-30 02:24:39 (2.77 MB/s) – ‘helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz.1’ saved [12926032/12926032]

# tar -zxvf helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
linux-amd64/
linux-amd64/helm
linux-amd64/README.md
linux-amd64/LICENSE

Now once we unzipped the file change directory to “linux-amd64”. You will find helm binary. Now we are going to copy this binary as helm3 at the location /usr/local/bin in order to differentiate between helm v2 and helm v3 binary.
# cd linux-amd64
# mv helm /usr/local/bin/helm3
Check the version details of the helm v3 binary.
# helm3 version
version.BuildInfo{Version:”v3.2.4″, GitCommit:”0ad800ef43d3b826f31a5ad8dfbb4fe05d143688″, GitTreeState:”clean”, GoVersion:”go1.13.12″
# helm3 version –short
v3.2.4+g0ad800e

just cross check whether we have currently manage chart in helm v2 and helm v3 version using helm list command as  below:
# helm3 list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
mynginx 1 Tue Jun 30 02:22:13 2020 DEPLOYED nginx-6.0.1 1.19.0 default

As you can see that helm v3 is not managing any chart however we do have one chart deployed in helm v2 named mynginx which we are going to migrate to helm v3.

Install plugin 2to3 in helm v3 environemnt using below command.

# helm3 plugin install https://github.com/helm/helm-2to3
Downloading and installing helm-2to3 v0.5.1 …
https://github.com/helm/helm-2to3/releases/download/v0.5.1/helm-2to3_0.5.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
Installed plugin: 2to3
# helm3 plugin list
NAME VERSION DESCRIPTION
2to3 0.5.1 migrate and cleanup Helm v2 configuration and releases in-place to Helm v3

To check all the options in 2to3 plugin use help option  as below:
# helm3 2to3 help
Migrate and Cleanup Helm v2 configuration and releases in-place to Helm v3

Usage:
2to3 [command]

Available Commands:
cleanup cleanup Helm v2 configuration, release data and Tiller deployment
convert migrate Helm v2 release in-place to Helm v3
help Help about any command
move migrate Helm v2 configuration in-place to Helm v3

Flags:
-h, –help help for 2to3

Use “2to3 [command] –help” for more information about a command.

As you can see that, there is move command which will migrate helm v2 to helm v3. So lets do config migration to v3.

Perform the dry-run of the migration to check which resources or config is going to migrate to helm v3 version using command below:

# helm3 2to3 move config –dry-run
2020/06/30 02:32:35 NOTE: This is in dry-run mode, the following actions will not be executed.
2020/06/30 02:32:35 Run without –dry-run to take the actions described below:
2020/06/30 02:32:35
2020/06/30 02:32:35 WARNING: Helm v3 configuration may be overwritten during this operation.
2020/06/30 02:32:35
[Move Config/confirm] Are you sure you want to move the v2 configuration? [y/N]: y
2020/06/30 02:32:44
Helm v2 configuration will be moved to Helm v3 configuration.
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 2] Home directory: /root/.helm
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Config directory: /root/.config/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Data directory: /root/.local/share/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Cache directory: /root/.cache/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Create config folder “/root/.config/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 2] repositories file “/root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml” will copy to [Helm 3] config folder “/root/onfig/helm/repositories.yaml” .
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Create cache folder “/root/.cache/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 3] Create data folder “/root/.local/share/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:44 [Helm 2] starters “/root/.helm/starters” will copy to [Helm 3] data folder “/root/.local/share/helm/starters” .

As in the above output it has given all the details about migration lets perform the actual migration below command without –dry-run option.
# helm3 2to3 move config
2020/06/30 02:32:56 WARNING: Helm v3 configuration may be overwritten during this operation.
2020/06/30 02:32:56
[Move Config/confirm] Are you sure you want to move the v2 configuration? [y/N]: y
2020/06/30 02:32:57
Helm v2 configuration will be moved to Helm v3 configuration.
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 2] Home directory: /root/.helm
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Config directory: /root/.config/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Data directory: /root/.local/share/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Cache directory: /root/.cache/helm
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Create config folder “/root/.config/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Config folder “/root/.config/helm” created.
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 2] repositories file “/root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml” will copy to [Helm 3] config folder “/root/onfig/helm/repositories.yaml” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 2] repositories file “/root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml” copied successfully to [Helm 3] config fold “/root/.config/helm/repositories.yaml” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Create cache folder “/root/.cache/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] cache folder “/root/.cache/helm” created.
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] Create data folder “/root/.local/share/helm” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 3] data folder “/root/.local/share/helm” created.
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 2] starters “/root/.helm/starters” will copy to [Helm 3] data folder “/root/.local/share/helm/starters” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 [Helm 2] starters “/root/.helm/starters” copied successfully to [Helm 3] data folder “/root/.local/share/helm/staers” .
2020/06/30 02:32:57 Helm v2 configuration was moved successfully to Helm v3 configuration.

The above command only migrates the helm v2 to helm v3. In case you want to migrate currently deployed charts from helm v2 to helm v3 you need to use convert command:
Check currently deployed charts in helm v2 using below command:
# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
mynginx 1 Tue Jun 30 02:22:13 2020 DEPLOYED nginx-6.0.1 1.19.0 default

Migrate the deployed charts

For the first we are going to perform dry-run.
# helm3 2to3 convert mynginx –dry-run
2020/06/30 02:33:59 NOTE: This is in dry-run mode, the following actions will not be executed.
2020/06/30 02:33:59 Run without –dry-run to take the actions described below:
2020/06/30 02:33:59
2020/06/30 02:33:59 Release “mynginx” will be converted from Helm v2 to Helm v3.
2020/06/30 02:33:59 [Helm 3] Release “mynginx” will be created.
2020/06/30 02:33:59 [Helm 3] ReleaseVersion “mynginx.v1” will be created.
We are ok with above output as its not given any error or issues while converting the deployed chart to helm v3. Now lets move the deployed resource to helm v3 without –dry-run option.
# helm3 2to3 convert mynginx
2020/06/30 02:34:22 Release “mynginx” will be converted from Helm v2 to Helm v3.
2020/06/30 02:34:22 [Helm 3] Release “mynginx” will be created.
2020/06/30 02:34:22 [Helm 3] ReleaseVersion “mynginx.v1” will be created.
2020/06/30 02:34:23 [Helm 3] ReleaseVersion “mynginx.v1” created.
2020/06/30 02:34:23 [Helm 3] Release “mynginx” created.
2020/06/30 02:34:23 Release “mynginx” was converted successfully from Helm v2 to Helm v3.
2020/06/30 02:34:23 Note: The v2 release information still remains and should be removed to avoid conflicts with the migrated v3 relee.
2020/06/30 02:34:23 v2 release information should only be removed using `helm 2to3` cleanup and when all releases have been migrated er.

To confirm migration lets use helm3 list output and also we will check pods, deployments in kubernetes using kubectl.
# helm3 list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
mynginx default 1 2020-06-30 06:22:13.361117663 +0000 UTC deployed nginx-6.0.1 1.19.0

———————————————————————————————————————————————-
# kubectl get all -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/mynginx-5bd8cb6d45-k5vlx 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.244.1.85 kworker01 <none> <none>

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 28d <none>
service/mynginx NodePort 10.103.194.212 <none> 80:30672/TCP,443:30500/TCP 12m app.kubernetes.io/instance=mynginxpp.kubernetes.io/name=nginx

NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/mynginx 1/1 1 1 12m nginx docker.io/bitnami/nginx:1.19.0-debian-10-r2 app.kubertes.io/instance=mynginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=nginx

NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELTOR
replicaset.apps/mynginx-5bd8cb6d45 1 1 1 12m nginx docker.io/bitnami/nginx:1.19.0-debian-10-r2 appubernetes.io/instance=mynginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=nginx,pod-template-hash=5bd8cb6d45

The above output confirms that we have successfully migrated deployed charts to helm v3. Now lets remove helm v2 binaries and tiller component and move back helm3 bianary to helm as a final step.
# helm3 2to3 cleanup
WARNING: “Helm v2 Configuration” “Release Data” “Tiller” will be removed.
This will clean up all releases managed by Helm v2. It will not be possible to restore them if you haven’t made a backup of the releas.
Helm v2 may not be usable afterwards.

[Cleanup/confirm] Are you sure you want to cleanup Helm v2 data? [y/N]: y
2020/06/30 02:35:40
Helm v2 data will be cleaned up.
2020/06/30 02:35:40 [Helm 2] Releases will be deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:40 [Helm 2] ReleaseVersion “mynginx.v1” will be deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] ReleaseVersion “mynginx.v1” deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] Releases deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] Tiller in “kube-system” namespace will be removed.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] Tiller “deploy” in “kube-system” namespace will be removed.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] Tiller “deploy” in “kube-system” namespace was removed successfully.
2020/06/30 02:35:41 [Helm 2] Tiller “service” in “kube-system” namespace will be removed.
2020/06/30 02:35:43 [Helm 2] Tiller “service” in “kube-system” namespace was removed successfully.
2020/06/30 02:35:43 [Helm 2] Tiller in “kube-system” namespace was removed.
2020/06/30 02:35:43 [Helm 2] Home folder “/root/.helm” will be deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:43 [Helm 2] Home folder “/root/.helm” deleted.
2020/06/30 02:35:43 Helm v2 data was cleaned up successfully.
# helm list
Error: could not find tiller

So clean up done successfully also tiller component also terminated which was part of helm v2.
Now remove the helm v2 binary and move helm v3 binary as helm.
# rm -rf /usr/local/bin/helm
# mv /usr/local/bin/helm3 /usr/local/bin/helm
# helm list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
mynginx default 1 2020-06-30 06:22:13.361117663 +0000 UTC deployed nginx-6.0.1 1.19.0
# helm version –short
v3.2.4+g0ad800e

So in this way we can perform migration of helm v2 to helm v3.
 

12 DPKG command examples – The Linux Juggernaut

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The Linux Juggernaut

IntroductionThe package manager for Debian and distros derived from Debian is called dpkg or Debian package.As users, we can use dpkg directly or use higher level programs like apt(advanced package management tool) which gives us a few more features.Utilities such as dpkg-deb and dpkg-query use dpkg as a front-end to perform some actions.In this article, we will demonstrate how you can use the dpkg package manager to list, install, uninstall and query package on an Ubuntu 16.04 system.Example 1: Display dpkg versionTo display the version of the dpkg package manager installed on your system use the dpkg command with the –version option.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg –version
Debian ‘dpkg’ package management program version 1.18.4 (amd64).
This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or
later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.
root@linuxnix:~# Example 2: List all installed packagesUsing the dpkg command with the -l option lists all packages currently installed on the system.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==================================-=======================================
ii accountsservice 0.6.40-2ubuntu11.1 amd64 query and manipulate user account information
ii adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu4 all add and remove users and groups
ii apparmor 2.10.95-0ubuntu2 amd64 user-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii apt 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 commandline package manager
ii apt-transport-https 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 https download transport for APT
———————————————————–output truncated for brevityAs you may observe from the above output, the dpkg -l command displays the package name, it’s version, the system architecture the package is intended to work on along with a brief description of the package.Example 3: Check if a particular package is installedTo check if a given package is installed on the system we use the dpkg -l command followed by the package name.For example, to check if the wget package has been installed on the system, we would use the following command:root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -l wget
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-============================================-===========================-
ii wget 1.17.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 retrieves files from the web
root@linuxnix:~#Example 4: Display files installed by a packageTo display files copied on a system as part of a package installation, use the dpkg command with the -L option followed by the package name.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -L wget
/.
/etc
/etc/wgetrc
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/wget
/usr/share
/usr/share/info
/usr/share/info/wget.info.gz
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/wget
/usr/share/doc/wget/MAILING-LIST
/usr/share/doc/wget/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/wget/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/wget/copyright
/usr/share/doc/wget/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/wget/README
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gzExample 5: Display files contained in a .deb package fileIn our previous example, we showed you how you could view files that had been installed by a package.To view files that are part of a .deb package file and would be moved to various locations on the system after we installed the package, use the dpkg command with the -c option followed by the package name.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -c nano_2.7.4-1_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 225320 2017-01-11 07:40 ./bin/nano
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./etc/
-rw-r–r– root/root 8769 2017-01-11 07:40 ./etc/nanorc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2017-01-11 07:40 ./usr/share/doc/nano/
-rw-r–r– root/root 2372 2016-12-31 22:11 ./usr/share/doc/nano/AUTHORS
—————————————output truncated for brevityExample 7: Install a packageTo install a dpkg package on the system, use the dpkg command with -i option followed by the package name.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -i nano_2.7.4-1_amd64.deb
(Reading database … 62478 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack nano_2.7.4-1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking nano (2.7.4-1) over (2.5.3-2) …
Setting up nano (2.7.4-1) …
Installing new version of config file /etc/nanorc …
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
root@linuxnix:~#Example 8: Remove a packageTo uninstall a package use the dpkg command with the -r option followed by the package name.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -r nano
(Reading database … 62514 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing nano (2.7.4-1) …
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) …
root@linuxnix:~#Note that while uninstalling the package we only needed to specify the package name and not the entire .deb file name.Example 9: Purge a packagePurging a package implies that we remove the binaries installed by the package while still maintaining it’s configuration file.We use the -P option with the dpkg command to purge a package.Let’s demonstrate it by purging the nano package.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -P nano
(Reading database … 62514 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing nano (2.7.4-1) …
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
Purging configuration files for nano (2.7.4-1) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) …
root@linuxnix:~#Example 10: Display information about a packageTo query information about a package, use the -s option with the dpkg command.In the below example, we query some information about the wget package.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -s wget
Package: wget
Status: install ok installed
Priority: important
Section: web
Installed-Size: 880
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Version: 1.17.1-1ubuntu1.1
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.17), libidn11 (>= 1.13), libpcre3, libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.1), libuuid1 (>= 2.16), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
Recommends: ca-certificates
Conflicts: wget-ssl
Conffiles:
/etc/wgetrc c43064699caf6109f4b3da0405c06ebb
Description: retrieves files from the web
Wget is a network utility to retrieve files from the web
using HTTP(S) and FTP, the two most widely used internet
protocols. It works non-interactively, so it will work in
the background, after having logged off. The program supports
recursive retrieval of web-authoring pages as well as FTP
sites — you can use Wget to make mirrors of archives and
home pages or to travel the web like a WWW robot.
.
Wget works particularly well with slow or unstable connections
by continuing to retrieve a document until the document is fully
downloaded. Re-getting files from where it left off works on
servers (both HTTP and FTP) that support it. Both HTTP and FTP
retrievals can be time stamped, so Wget can see if the remote
file has changed since the last retrieval and automatically
retrieve the new version if it has.
.
Wget supports proxy servers; this can lighten the network load,
speed up retrieval, and provide access behind firewalls.
Homepage: https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
Original-Maintainer: Noël Köthe <noel@debian.org>
root@linuxnix:~#Example 11: Check which package owns a fileTo check which package a file belongs to, we use the -S option with the dpkg command followed by the file name.For example, let’s check which package provides the ssh command.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -S /usr/bin/ssh
openssh-client: /usr/bin/ssh
root@linuxnix:~#As you may observe from the above output, the ssh command is provided by the openssh-client package.Example 12: Install all packages in a directoryWe can recursively install all .deb package files in a directory by using the -R option in combination with the -i option while invoking the dpkg command.In the below example, I’ve used the dpkg command to recursively install all .deb package files available in the /root directory.root@linuxnix:~# dpkg -R -i /root
Selecting previously unselected package nano.
(Reading database … 62414 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack /root/nano_2.7.4-1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking nano (2.7.4-1) …
Setting up nano (2.7.4-1) …
update-alternatives: using /bin/nano to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /bin/nano to provide /usr/bin/pico (pico) in auto mode
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
root@linuxnix:~#ConclusionIn this article, we covered the most frequently used features of the dpkg package manager.Continuing with our ongoing series of articles based on various package managers, we will be covering apt in our next article. Post Views: 1,877The following two tabs change content below.He started his career in IT in 2011 as a system administrator. He has since worked with HP-UX, Solaris and Linux operating systems along with exposure to high availability and virtualization solutions. He has a keen interest in shell, Python and Perl scripting and is learning the ropes on AWS cloud, DevOps tools, and methodologies. He enjoys sharing the knowledge he’s gained over the years with the rest of the community.

[SOLVED] Failed to execute child process “dbus-launch” (No such file or directory) while x-forwarding

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[SOLVED] Failed to execute child process

After a long time, I have decided to change my desktop environment to XFCE.
While making changes on the tty terminal, I got an error that stated: Failed to execute child process “dbus-launch” (No such file or directory) while x-forwarding.
Because of that, I was not allowed to get the graphic interface, and this error is common when you are accessing the GUI screen using WSL2 with Kex.
In this article, you will see how to fix the above error by installing dbus-x11 on your Debian or Ubuntu-based machine.
A dbus acronym stands for Desktop Bus, which is interprocess communication that is used to pass information from one application to another process on Linux and Unix-based systems.
By passing a single apt command, you can resolve this issue in a swift manner:
$ sudo apt install dbus-x11
After a successful installation of dbus-x11, you can try to invoke the command that caused the previous error, and you will find that the error no longer exists on the machine.
That’s all to resolve on a Debian-based machine: “failed to execute child process “dbus-launch” (No such file or directory) while x-forwarding”.
A man with a tech effusive who has explored some of the amazing technology stuff and is exploring more. While moving towards, I had a chance to work on Android development, Linux, AWS, and DevOps with several open-source tools.

Chapter 8: Docker Networking

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Chapter 8: Docker Networking

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Step-by-step guide – Home Network Diagram

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Home Network Diagram - how to visualize your home network

 

Part of the Home Cybersecurity series
Once we have a good inventory of what is on our network, it is time to draw a diagram of what we have to get a good picture. Visualizing your home network with a home network diagram will help you to plan and visualize what you have on your network.
A typical home network is fairly simplistic. You have the router that your ISP gave you which sometimes is also WIFI. You have two networks: the first is wireless, sometimes you also have a small switch and a wired network. Here is a diagram of what we are talking about:
 

 
On the diagram we have the two networks: wired and wireless. You need to fill in what devices you have on your network. There is a great site that you can use for free – no signup needed, here is the link.  Just click start and you can make a diagram and download it.
Take out the spreadsheet that you have been gathering your information about your network and start sketching things out. I suggest you do this on paper for the first part as you can change things around easier. Just use boxes for the devices for now. Write the device name, MAC address, and the current IP.

Once you have the devices in boxes use a highlighter to color code which network they belong to. You can use red for your guest network, green for wired and yellow for wireless. We want to group them as they are now. We will further drill down and change things later.
Setting up a secure home network
This is the beginning of visualizing our network. But, we are not going to stop here. To make our network more secure we need a few things.

 
You might notice that we have added a few devices. These will help you to be much more secure and private.  The first thing that I added was a firewall. This is a hardware firewall. It is a device that protects your network before anything gets to it. You might be familiar with software firewalls. They are programs on your computer that help to weed out malicious things from getting on your computer. One of the drawbacks is that it is on your computer and that is OK for defense in depth, but it should not be your only or first defense. We will get into how to setup the firewall in another article.
The firewall that I recommend is Protectli – I recommend the 4 port model.

Order one today and be ready for the upcoming article on setting it up.
Other equipment that we are going to add to our network are:

A smart switch
A WIFI router
A NAS (Network Attached Storage device)
A media server (This one is optional)

We are also going to use a secure VPN to keep our network safe. I suggest Proton VPN. I have used it for years and I recommend it highly.
A glimpse at my home network
Here is the start of my home network diagram.

As you can see, I have four networks: One Secure Wired (Cat6 Ethernet), A Secure Wireless network, A Guest Network (For friends who come over and also for our phones), and finally an IOT Network for untrusted devices.
Summing it all up
Making a diagram of your home network will help you to see your entire network better. I am a very visual person, so I love diagrams. With the MAC Addresses and the IP Addresses on the same diagram you can really see what you are starting out with. For those who followed along and have completed the spreadsheet and are now starting their home network diagram, congratulations! You have done what most people haven’t. You now know what is on your network and a lot about the devices. Well done!
If you haven’t started, go back and read the first two articles.
 
 

Average Salary and Recruiting Guide

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Sohail

AngularJS, a pioneering JavaScript framework, has always been popular for building dynamic single-page web apps. Most companies have made a beeline for Angular developers for hire. While the successor Angular has emerged, many legacy projects and applications rely on AngularJS.If you want to hire AngularJS developers for your team, here’s a comprehensive guide to help you find the right fit.Average Salary Worldwide ReviewThe worldwide average salary for an AngularJS specialist varies depending on location, level of experience, and the specific industry. However, according to recent data, AngularJS specialists typically command competitive salaries due to the high demand for their expertise in web development.Developers can expect to earn above-average salaries compared to other programming roles, which reflects the importance of AngularJS in building modern web applications.As businesses continue to invest in web development projects, the demand for skilled AngularJS professionals is expected to remain strong, further influencing salary trends in the industry. On average, AngularJS developers can expect to earn between $70,000 and $120,000 per year, with higher salaries often seen in tech hubs such as Silicon Valley, New York City, and London.These figures may fluctuate based on individual skills, project complexity, and company size, but overall, the AngularJS job market offers lucrative opportunities for skilled professionals.In various parts of the world, salaries for AngularJS specialists can differ significantly. In regions like North America and Western Europe, where demand for tech talent is high, AngularJS developers earn above-average salaries. For instance, in the United States, salaries can range from $80,000 to $150,000 annually, depending on experience and location. Similarly, in countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada, AngularJS specialists can command salaries ranging from $60,000 to $130,000 annually.Meanwhile, salaries may be lower in emerging tech markets like India and Eastern Europe, typically between $20,000 to $60,000 annually. These approximate figures vary based on local economic conditions, industry demand, and individual qualifications.How to hire AngularJS developersUnderstanding Your Needs: Before diving into the hiring pool, step back and define your project requirements. Here are some key questions to consider –Project Scope: Is it a new project, maintenance of an existing application, or a feature addition?Project Timeline: Do you have a strict deadline or more flexibility?Team Structure: Will the developer collaborate independently or with a larger team?Required Skill Set: Beyond core AngularJS knowledge, are specific functionalities needed (e.g., testing frameworks, UI/UX expertise)?Defining the Ideal Candidate: With a clear understanding of your project needs, you can start outlining the ideal candidate profile. Here are some essential skills to look for –Technical ExpertiseIn-depth knowledge of AngularJS concepts, including directives, controllers, services, and dependency injection.Proficiency in JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.Familiarity with related tools like TypeScript, Bower, and Karma.Problem-Solving Skills: It is crucial to analyze problems, design solutions, and write clean, maintainable code.CommunicationEffective communication is necessary to collaborate with team members and stakeholders. Ensure the candidate can clearly explain technical concepts and listen to feedback.Adaptability and LearningThe tech landscape is always evolving. Look for someone eager to learn new tech and can adapt quickly to changing project requirements.Finding Potential CandidatesThere are different ways to explore when you are looking to hire an Angular expert –Job Boards: Popular job boards like Indeed, LinkedIn, and Glassdoor allow you to post job descriptions and filter applicants based on skills and experience.Freelance Platforms: Upwork and Fiverr offer a vast pool of freelance developers. This option can be suitable for short-term projects or specific tasks.Tech Recruitment Agencies: Partnering with a recruitment agency specializing in web development can save you time and effort. They can source qualified candidates and handle initial screening.Professional Networking: Take advantage of your professional network and connections. Contact colleagues, attend events, or post on LinkedIn, for example, to find potential candidates.Open-Source Communities: GitHub has always been a goldmine for developers. Look for experts who contribute actively to AngularJS projects. Their code contributions are always a good indicator of their skills and experience.Crafting an Attractive Job DescriptionA well-written job description attracts the right talent. Here are some elements you need to include –A clear and concise overview of the company and roleSpecific details about the project and its goalsRequired skills and experience (mention specific AngularJS versions if relevant) Desired qualities and personality traits Compensation and benefits packageEvaluating CandidatesOnce you have a pool of potential candidates, it’s time to start the evaluation process. Here are some key steps –Resume/Portfolio Review: Assess the candidate’s experience, skills, and past projects. Look for specific examples of their AngularJS work.Technical Screening: Conduct a technical assessment to evaluate their coding abilities and understanding of AngularJS concepts. This could involve online coding challenges or take-home assignments.Interview Process: Schedule interviews with shortlisted candidates. Structure the interview to assess technical skills, problem-solving abilities, communication style, and cultural fit.Technical Interview Tips for AngularJS DevelopersFocus on core AngularJS concepts and best practices.Ask candidates to explain their thought processes when solving problems.Present real-world scenarios relevant to your project and assess their approach.Include a live coding session to evaluate their coding proficiency.While technical expertise is critical, pay attention to soft skills. When you hire Angular developers, look for candidates who demonstrate good communication, teamwork abilities, and a passion for learning.Making the Offer: Once you’ve identified the ideal candidate, it’s time to make an offer. Present a competitive compensation package that includes salary, benefits, and potential for growth.ConclusionHiring the right AngularJS expert requires careful planning and a well-defined strategy. By understanding your project needs, outlining the ideal candidate profile, and utilizing the right resources, you can hire AngularJS developers who will contribute significantly to your project. If you are unfamiliar with the technicalities of web development, you should hire an HR personnel with a web and application development background.  

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