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Create a Bootable Linux USB from ISO with DD | Lisenet.com :: Linux | Security

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Lisenet.com :: Linux

Create a bootable USB using the dd command.
The dd command below will copy content of the ISO file ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso to device /dev/sdd, which in our case is a plugged in USB drive.

$ sudo dd if=kubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdd bs=1M status=progress && sudo sync

Depending on the size of the ISO file and the speed of the USB drive, it may take several minutes to complete.

This entry was posted in Linux and tagged dd. Bookmark the permalink. If you notice any errors, please contact us.

Upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 Update 3 via SSH and esxcli – Easy Steps

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Upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 Update 3 via SSH and esxcli - Easy Steps

We will cover upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 update 3 via SSH and esxcli command and walk through some key points like what is VIB, and ESXi profiles while updating. This method will directly work on VMware ESXi 6.5.0 build-15256549 and above.

Why Upgrade Required

Because your team lead told you to do so and the security team suggested your team lead for update all ESXi to version 7 and the security team got an alert from security scan software that your current version is vulnerable to security threats.

Realty apart that could be a reason but before the update, we need to know some basic points why we are upgrading a working ESXi, let’s come to the theory part. Below is the reason to update ESXi or any software/OS/Hypervisor.

Vulnerability in the previous version which is fixed by OEM.

New and useful updates by OEMs like ESXi 7 have support Kubernetes, can use pods, video memory increases, and support cross VCenter with new hardware versions and many more.

OEM end their support due to maintaining the new version.

New Operating Systems has supported the new hypervisor so we need to update ESXi.

Increase performance and monitoring system.

There are many more but just let’s jump on upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 update 3 via SSH and esxcli and we have covered some common questions and abbreviations in the end for your knowledge base.

Related Post:

ESXi Installation Step-By-Step

What is VMware?

Upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 Update 3 via SSH and esxcli

Prerequisite

Download Patch from the VMware site: Download

Download the bundle in “.zip” format

Upload bundle in ESXi datastore

Enter in maintenance mode or check we can do it by esxcli also

Enable SSH and ESXi shell (TSM and TSH-SSH)to login from ssh

enable SSH Login

Upgrade ESXi

Note: You have to give the full path of the zip bundle otherwise it may not work

Log in to ESXi via SSH and go to the path where you have uploaded the zip bundle for us it is in the “/vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/” path

cd /vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/

verify that the path and checks your zip bundle is there or not

If you have not activated the maintenance mode from GUI enabled by the command

esxcli system maintenanceMode set –enable=true

Check the Profile available in the zip bundle, not have to choose full. Only specific requirements we can choose no-tools otherwise use full. Or if single is available then choose that.

# esxcli software sources profile list -d /vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/VMware-ESXi-7.0.3d-19482537-Custom-Dell-4.2.2-a-depot.zip
Name Vendor Acceptance Level Creation Time Modification Time
——————————————- —— —————- ——————- ——————-
Dell-UCS-Addon-ESXi-70U3d-19482537_4.2.2-a Dell PartnerSupported 2022-08-29T13:21:00 2022-08-29T13:21:00

Dry run to test if is it compatible or not. And we can even know before the activity we are doing is on the right track.

esxcli software profile update -d /vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/VMware-ESXi-7.0.3d-19482537-Custom-Dell-4.2.2-a-depot.zip -p Dell-UCS-Addon-ESXi-70U3d-19482537_4.2.2-a –dry-run

Update Result
Message: Dryrun only, host not changed. The following installers will be applied: [bootbank_ _Installer, LockerInstaller]
Reboot Required: true
VIBs Installed: CIS_bootbank_ __ucs-tool-esxi_1.2.2-1OEM, Dell_bootbank_ __nenic-ens_1.0.6.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, Dell_bootbank_ __nenic_1.0.42.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, Dell_bootbank_ __nfnic_4.0.0.87-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __i40en_2.2.7.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, INT_bootbank_ __igbn_1.9.1.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, INT_bootbank_ __ixgben_1.12.3.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-core_4.21.71.101-1OEM.702.0.0.17630552, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-rdma_4.21.71.101-1OEM.702.0.0.17630552, QLC_bootbank_ __qcnic_2.0.62.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qedentv_3.40.57.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qedf_2.2.86.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qedi_2.19.87.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qedrntv_3.40.56.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3_1.4.25.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3f_2.1.26.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3i_2.1.9.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, VMW_bootbank_ __atlantic_1.0.3.0-8vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtnet_216.0.50.0-41vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtroce_216.0.58.0-23vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __brcmfcoe_12.0.1500.2-3vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __elxiscsi_12.0.1200.0-9vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __elxnet_12.0.1250.0-5vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __icen_1.4.1.7-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __ionic-en_16.0.0-16vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __irdman_1.3.1.20-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __iser_1.1.0.1-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __lpfc_14.0.169.25-5vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMW_bootbank_ __lpnic_11.4.62.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-mr3_7.718.02.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt2_20.00.06.00-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt35_19.00.02.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt3_17.00.12.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __mtip32xx-native_3.9.8-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __ne1000_0.8.4-11vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nhpsa_70.0051.0.100-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-core_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-en_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-rdma_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __ntg3_4.1.7.0-0vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nvme-pcie_1.2.3.16-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmerdma_1.0.3.5-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmetcp_1.0.0.1-1vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmxnet3-ens_2.0.0.22-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmxnet3_2.0.0.30-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __pvscsi_0.1-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __qflge_1.1.0.11-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __rste_2.0.2.0088-7vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __sfvmk_2.4.0.2010-6vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __smartpqi_70.4149.0.5000-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __vmkata_0.1-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __vmkfcoe_1.0.0.2-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __vmkusb_0.1-6vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ __vmw-ahci_2.0.11-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __bmcal_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __cpu-microcode_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __crx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __elx-esx-libelxima.so_12.0.1200.0-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __esx-base_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __esx-dvfilter-generic-fastpath_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __esx-ui_1.36.0-18403931, VMware_bootbank_ __esx-update_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __esx-xserver_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __esxio-combiner_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __gc_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __loadesx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-hpv2-hpsa-plugin_1.0.0-3vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-intelv2-nvme-vmd-plugin_2.7.2173-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-lsiv2-drivers-plugin_1.0.0-10vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-nvme-pcie-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-oem-dell-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-oem-hp-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-oem-lenovo-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __lsuv2-smartpqiv2-plugin_1.0.0-8vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __native-misc-drivers_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __qlnativefc_4.1.14.0-26vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __trx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __vdfs_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __vmware-esx-esxcli-nvme-plugin_1.2.0.44-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ __vsan_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ __vsanhealth_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_locker_tools-light_11.3.5.18557794-19482531
VIBs Removed: Adaptec_Inc_bootbank_ __scsi-aacraid_6.0.6.2.1.54013-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, Avago_bootbank_ __scsi-megaraid-sas_6.610.16.00-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, CIS_bootbank_ __ucs-tool-esxi_1.1.0-1OEM, Dell_bootbank_ __nfnic_4.0.0.40-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, EMU_bootbank_ __brcmfcoe_12.0.1115.0-1OEM.670.0.0.7535516, EMU_bootbank_ __elxiscsi_12.0.1188.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, EMU_bootbank_ __elxnet_12.0.1115.0-1OEM.670.0.0.7535516, EMU_bootbank_ __lpfc_12.2.212.10-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __igbn_1.4.7-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __ixgben_1.7.15-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __net-i40e_2.0.7-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, INT_bootbank_ __net-ixgbe_4.5.3-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-core_4.17.15.16-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-rdma_4.17.15.16-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qcnic_1.0.26.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedentv_3.11.7.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedi_2.10.15.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedrntv_3.11.7.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3_1.0.86.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3f_1.0.68.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3i_1.0.23.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLogic_bootbank_ __qlnativefc_3.1.16.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-libata-92_3.00.9.2-16vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-amd_0.3.10-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-atiixp_0.4.6-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-cmd64x_0.2.5-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-hpt3x2n_0.3.4-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-pdc2027x_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-serverworks_0.4.3-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-sil680_0.4.8-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-via_0.3.3-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __block-cciss_3.6.14-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtnet_20.6.101.7-24vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtroce_20.6.101.0-20vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __char-random_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ehci-ehci-hcd_1.0-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __hid-hid_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __i40en_1.8.1.9-2vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __ima-qla4xxx_2.02.18-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-devintf_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-msghandler_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-si-drv_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __iser_1.0.0.0-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __lpnic_11.4.59.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-mr3_7.708.07.00-3vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt2_20.00.06.00-2vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt35_09.00.00.00-5vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt3_17.00.02.00-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __misc-cnic-register_1.78.75.v60.7-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __misc-drivers_6.7.0-2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __mtip32xx-native_3.9.8-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbak_ne1000_0.8.4-2vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootank_nenic_1.0.29.0-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_boobank_net-bnx2_2.2.4f.v60.10-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-bnx2x_1.78.80.v60.12-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-cdc-ether_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-cnic_1.78.76.v60.13-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-e1000_8.0.3.1-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-e1000e_3.2.2.1-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-fcoe_1.0.29.9.3-7vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-forcedeth_0.61-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-igb_5.0.5.1.1-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-libfcoe-92_1.0.24.9.4-8vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-mlx4-core_1.9.7.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-mlx4-en_1.9.7.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-nx-nic_5.0.621-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-tg3_3.131d.v60.4-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-usbnet_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____net-vmxnet3_1.1.3.0-3vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ ____nhpsa_2.0.22-3vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-core_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-en_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-rdma_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ ____ntg3_4.1.3.2-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvme_1.2.2.28-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmxnet3-ens_2.0.0.21-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmxnet3_2.0.0.29-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ ____ohci-usb-ohci_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____pvscsi_0.1-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____qflge_1.1.0.11-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-ahci_3.0-26vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-ata-piix_2.12-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-sata-nv_3.5-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-sata-promise_2.12-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-sata-sil24_1.1-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-sata-sil_2.3-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sata-sata-svw_2.3-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-adp94xx_1.0.8.12-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-aic79xx_3.1-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-bnx2fc_1.78.78.v60.8-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-bnx2i_2.78.76.v60.8-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-fnic_1.5.0.45-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-hpsa_6.0.0.84-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-ips_7.12.05-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-iscsi-linux-92_1.0.0.2-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-libfc-92_1.0.40.9.3-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-megaraid-mbox_2.20.5.1-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-megaraid2_2.00.4-9vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-mpt2sas_19.00.00.00-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-mptsas_4.23.01.00-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-mptspi_4.23.01.00-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____scsi-qla4xxx_5.01.03.2-7vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____sfvmk_1.0.0.1003-6vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-iscsi-linux-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-iscsi-linux-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libata-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922,
…

VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libata-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libfc-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libfc-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libfcoe-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-libfcoe-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-vmklinux-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-vmklinux-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____shim-vmklinux-9-2-3-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ ____smartpqi_1.0.1.553-28vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ ____uhci-usb-uhci_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMware_bootbank_ __vmware-esx-esxcli-nvme-plugin_1.2.0.36-2.48.13006603, VMware_bootbank_ __vsan_6.7.0-3.73.14263135, VMware_bootbank_ __vsanhealth_6.7.0-3.73.14263064, VMware_locker_tools-light_10.3.10.12406962-14141615
VIBs Skipped: INT_bootbank_ __iavmd_2.7.2.1001-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807

Check the message it will show that update will be applied and a reboot required true, so you will be confirmed that we can update it .

There is a message that VIBs skipped, we can ignore it because we are not installing the new one and after VIBs, there may be less chance to revert and for the upgrade, we can skip it

Now we are sure that upgrade could be possible and run the command without the dry-run. Make sure to use the profile name which you have gotten from the first command

esxcli software profile update -d /vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/VMware-ESXi-7.0.3d-19482537-Custom-Dell-4.2.2-a-depot.zip -p Dell-UCS-Addon-ESXi-70U3d-19482537_4.2.2-a

Update Result
Message: The update completed successfully, but the system needs to be rebooted for the changes to be effective.
Reboot Required: true
VIBs Installed: CIS_bootbank_ __ucs-tool-esxi_1.2.2-1OEM, Dell_bootbank_ __nenic-ens_1.0.6.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, Dell_bootbank_ __nenic_1.0.42.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, Dell_bootbank_ __nfnic_4.0.0.87-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ ____i40en_2.2.7.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, INT_bootbank_ ____iavmd_2.7.2.1001-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, INT_bootbank_ ____igbn_1.9.1.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, INT_bootbank_ ____ixgben_1.12.3.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, MEL_bootbank_ ____nmlx5-core_4.21.71.101-1OEM.702.0.0.17630552, MEL_bootbank_ ____nmlx5-rdma_4.21.71.101-1OEM.702.0.0.17630552, QLC_bootbank_ ____qcnic_2.0.62.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qedentv_3.40.57.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qedf_2.2.86.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qedi_2.19.87.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qedrntv_3.40.56.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qfle3_1.4.25.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qfle3f_2.1.26.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, QLC_bootbank_ ____qfle3i_2.1.9.0-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807, VMW_bootbank_ ____atlantic_1.0.3.0-8vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____bnxtnet_216.0.50.0-41vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____bnxtroce_216.0.58.0-23vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____brcmfcoe_12.0.1500.2-3vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____elxiscsi_12.0.1200.0-9vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____elxnet_12.0.1250.0-5vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____icen_1.4.1.7-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____ionic-en_16.0.0-16vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____irdman_1.3.1.20-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____iser_1.1.0.1-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____lpfc_14.0.169.25-5vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMW_bootbank_ ____lpnic_11.4.62.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____lsi-mr3_7.718.02.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____lsi-msgpt2_20.00.06.00-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____lsi-msgpt35_19.00.02.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____lsi-msgpt3_17.00.12.00-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____mtip32xx-native_3.9.8-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____ne1000_0.8.4-11vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nhpsa_70.0051.0.100-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-core_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-en_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nmlx4-rdma_3.19.16.8-2vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____ntg3_4.1.7.0-0vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvme-pcie_1.2.3.16-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmerdma_1.0.3.5-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmetcp_1.0.0.1-1vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmxnet3-ens_2.0.0.22-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____nvmxnet3_2.0.0.30-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____pvscsi_0.1-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____qflge_1.1.0.11-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____rste_2.0.2.0088-7vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____sfvmk_2.4.0.2010-6vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____smartpqi_70.4149.0.5000-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____vmkata_0.1-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____vmkfcoe_1.0.0.2-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____vmkusb_0.1-6vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMW_bootbank_ ____vmw-ahci_2.0.11-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____bmcal_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____cpu-microcode_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____crx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____elx-esx-libelxima.so_12.0.1200.0-4vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____esx-base_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____esx-dvfilter-generic-fastpath_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____esx-ui_1.36.0-18403931, VMware_bootbank_ ____esx-update_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____esx-xserver_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____esxio-combiner_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____gc_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____loadesx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-hpv2-hpsa-plugin_1.0.0-3vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-intelv2-nvme-vmd-plugin_2.7.2173-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-lsiv2-drivers-plugin_1.0.0-10vmw.703.0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-nvme-pcie-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-oem-dell-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-oem-hp-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-oem-lenovo-plugin_1.0.0-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____lsuv2-smartpqiv2-plugin_1.0.0-8vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____native-misc-drivers_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____qlnativefc_4.1.14.0-26vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____trx_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____vdfs_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____vmware-esx-esxcli-nvme-plugin_1.2.0.44-1vmw.703.0.20.19193900, VMware_bootbank_ ____vsan_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_bootbank_ ____vsanhealth_7.0.3-0.35.19482537, VMware_locker_tools-light_11.3.5.18557794-19482531
VIBs Removed: Adaptec_Inc_bootbank_ __scsi-aacraid_6.0.6.2.1.54013-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, Avago_bootbank_ __scsi-megaraid-sas_6.610.16.00-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, CIS_bootbank_ __ucs-tool-esxi_1.1.0-1OEM, Dell_bootbank_ __nfnic_4.0.0.40-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, EMU_bootbank_ __brcmfcoe_12.0.1115.0-1OEM.670.0.0.7535516, EMU_bootbank_ __elxiscsi_12.0.1188.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, EMU_bootbank_ __elxnet_12.0.1115.0-1OEM.670.0.0.7535516, EMU_bootbank_ __lpfc_12.2.212.10-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __igbn_1.4.7-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __intel-nvme-vmd_1.8.0.1001-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __ixgben_1.7.15-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, INT_bootbank_ __net-i40e_2.0.7-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, INT_bootbank_ __net-ixgbe_4.5.3-1OEM.600.0.0.2494585, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-core_4.17.15.16-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, MEL_bootbank_ __nmlx5-rdma_4.17.15.16-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qcnic_1.0.26.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedentv_3.11.7.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedi_2.10.15.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qedrntv_3.11.7.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3_1.0.86.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3f_1.0.68.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLC_bootbank_ __qfle3i_1.0.23.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, QLogic_bootbank_ __qlnativefc_3.1.16.0-1OEM.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-libata-92_3.00.9.2-16vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-amd_0.3.10-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-atiixp_0.4.6-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-cmd64x_0.2.5-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-hpt3x2n_0.3.4-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-pdc2027x_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-serverworks_0.4.3-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-sil680_0.4.8-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ata-pata-via_0.3.3-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __block-cciss_3.6.14-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtnet_20.6.101.7-24vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __bnxtroce_20.6.101.0-20vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __char-random_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ehci-ehci-hcd_1.0-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __hid-hid_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __i40en_1.8.1.9-2vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __ima-qla4xxx_2.02.18-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-devintf_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-msghandler_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ipmi-ipmi-si-drv_39.1-5vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __iser_1.0.0.0-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __lpnic_11.4.59.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-mr3_7.708.07.00-3vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt2_20.00.06.00-2vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt35_09.00.00.00-5vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __lsi-msgpt3_17.00.02.00-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __misc-cnic-register_1.78.75.v60.7-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __misc-drivers_6.7.0-2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __mtip32xx-native_3.9.8-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ne1000_0.8.4-2vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __nenic_1.0.29.0-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __net-bnx2_2.2.4f.v60.10-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-bnx2x_1.78.80.v60.12-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-cdc-ether_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-cnic_1.78.76.v60.13-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-e1000_8.0.3.1-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-e1000e_3.2.2.1-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-fcoe_1.0.29.9.3-7vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-forcedeth_0.61-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-igb_5.0.5.1.1-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-libfcoe-92_1.0.24.9.4-8vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-mlx4-core_1.9.7.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-mlx4-en_1.9.7.0-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-nx-nic_5.0.621-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-tg3_3.131d.v60.4-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-usbnet_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __net-vmxnet3_1.1.3.0-3vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __nhpsa_2.0.22-3vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-core_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-en_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __nmlx4-rdma_3.17.13.1-1vmw.670.2.48.13006603, VMW_bootbank_ __ntg3_4.1.3.2-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __nvme_1.2.2.28-1vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmxnet3-ens_2.0.0.21-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __nvmxnet3_2.0.0.29-1vmw.670.1.28.10302608, VMW_bootbank_ __ohci-usb-ohci_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __pvscsi_0.1-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __qflge_1.1.0.11-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-ahci_3.0-26vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-ata-piix_2.12-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-sata-nv_3.5-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-sata-promise_2.12-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-sata-sil24_1.1-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-sata-sil_2.3-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sata-sata-svw_2.3-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-adp94xx_1.0.8.12-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-aic79xx_3.1-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-bnx2fc_1.78.78.v60.8-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-bnx2i_2.78.76.v60.8-1vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-fnic_1.5.0.45-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-hpsa_6.0.0.84-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-ips_7.12.05-4vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-iscsi-linux-92_1.0.0.2-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-libfc-92_1.0.40.9.3-5vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-megaraid-mbox_2.20.5.1-6vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-megaraid2_2.00.4-9vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-mpt2sas_19.00.00.00-2vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-mptsas_4.23.01.00-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-mptspi_4.23.01.00-10vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __scsi-qla4xxx_5.01.03.2-7vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __sfvmk_1.0.0.1003-6vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-iscsi-linux-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-iscsi-linux-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libata-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libata-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libfc-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libfc-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libfcoe-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-libfcoe-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-vmklinux-9-2-1-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-vmklinux-9-2-2-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __shim-vmklinux-9-2-3-0_6.7.0-0.0.8169922, VMW_bootbank_ __smartpqi_1.0.1.553-28vmw.670.3.73.14320388, VMW_bootbank_ __uhci-usb-uhci_1.0-3vmw.670.0.0.8169922, VMware_bootbank_ __vsanhealth_6.7.0-3.73.14263064,

.
.
.
VMware_locker_tools-light_10.3.10.12406962-14141615
VIBs Skipped:INT_bootbank_ __iavmd_2.7.2.1001-1OEM.700.1.0.15843807

Check the message it should show “The update completed successfully”. Now you are 50% done now you can reboot the server to take the upgrade in effect it will take server boot time(3-5 min ) + 5-7 Min ESXi upgrade.

# reboot -f

After Update

Remove from Maintainance mode

esxcli system maintenanceMode set –enable=false

Log in to ESXi GUI and power on all VMs because due to the upgrade and maintenance mode auto power on option may not work so the first time after upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 update 3 we need to power on VMs manually.

Important Acronyms and Abbreviations

There are many but we have given what is required in our process.

VMVirtual MachineVMFSVirtual Machine File SystemVCLIvSphere Command Line InterfaceVIBvSphere Installation BundleVCVirtual CenterVIMVirtual Infrastructure ManagementP2VP2V Physical to VirtualV2VVirtual to Virtual

VIB Update – Not required if Upgraded

If you have upgraded from the above procedure this is not required but if in case you need to upgrade via VIB update run the below command and reboot the server.

# esxcli software vib update –depot /vmfs/volumes/609abf69-1d682f78-0185-3cfdfee40d18/patch/VMware-ESXi-7.0.3d-19482537-Custom-Dell-4.2.2-a-depot.zip
# reboot -f

Summary

We have after preparation for upgrading ESXi 6.7 to 7 update 3 via SSH and esxcli we need to run only three below command

esxcli software sources profile list -d /path_of_zip_file.zip

esxcli software profile update -d /path_of_zip_file.zip -p Profile_Name –dry-run

esxcli software profile update -d /path_of_zip_file.zip -p Profile_Name

Conclusion

We have learned how to upgrade Vmware ESXi 6.7 to VMware ESXi 7 U3 via SSH and esxcli command. Hope this article is useful for you. Share for care.

6 BASH SHELL COMMAND LINE CHAINING OPERATORS (LINUX OPERATOR) WITH EXAMPLES

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6 BASH SHELL COMMAND LINE CHAINING OPERATORS (LINUX OPERATOR) WITH EXAMPLES

6 BASH SHELL COMMAND LINE CHAINING OPERATORS (LINUX OPERATOR) WITH EXAMPLES

Introduction
In this article I will explain you 6 Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator). Now let’s discuss what is chaining operator. Chaining operator is something which is helps to run multiple commands at once like we execute a script and task completes automatically. Usually people uses Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) in shell scripting but also we can use these operators on shell prompt.

Here we are going to discuss on below Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) :

&& Operator (AND Operator)
OR Operator (||)
AND & OR Operator (&& and ||)
PIPE Operator (|)
Semicolon Operator (;)
Ampersand Operator (&)

Now let’s discuss each and every Operator one by one.
1. && Operator (AND Operator)
The syntax to use AND Operator is :

command 1 && command 2

AND Operator will execute the second command only if the First command executes successfully. Now have a look at the syntax above. Here command 2 will execute only if the command 1 executes successfully. Now let’s take a example :




Here as you can see below the first command completed successfully hence the second command df -h executed.

elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 5 localhost && df -h
PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.081 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms

— localhost ping statistics —
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4100ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.067/0.081/0.086/0.007 ms
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 966M 0 966M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 12M 187M 6% /run
/dev/sda1 18G 5.3G 12G 32% /
tmpfs 992M 212K 992M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 199M 60K 199M 1% /run/user/1000

Now let’s test the AND Operator in different way. Here I will fail the first command and let’s see if the second command executes or not.
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 5 local && df -h
ping: unknown host local

As you can see above the First command failed hence the second command not get executed.
2. OR Operator (||)
On our list the Second Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) is OR Operator.

The syntax to use OR Operator is :
command 1 || command 2
OR Operator is completely opposite of && Operator. OR Operator will execute the second command only if the First command Fails. Now let’s take a Example :

elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 5 local || df -h
ping: unknown host local
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 966M 0 966M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 12M 187M 6% /run
/dev/sda1 18G 5.3G 12G 32% /
tmpfs 992M 212K 992M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 199M 60K 199M 1% /run/user/1000

As you can see above the second command executed i.e. df -h as the first command get failed.
3. AND & OR Operator (&& and ||)
Combination of && Operator & OR Operator (||) is quiet interesting and will give you a nice output if you use it properly. The combination of this 2 operators like if…else statement in programming. Let’s take an example so that you will get more Idea on this :
Example : 1

Here I tried to success the First command and after a successful execution of the first command we will get a message Directory created successfully.
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ mkdir data && echo “Directory created successfully” || echo “Directory creation failed”
Directory created successfully

As you can see above our first command executed successfully hence we are able to get the required message.
Example : 2

Here I tried to Failed the First command and after Failure of the first command we will get a message User creation failed.
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ useradd helpdesk && echo “User created successfully” || echo “User creation failed”
useradd: user ‘helpdesk’ already exists
User creation failed

As you can see above our first command failed hence we are able to get the required message.
Also Read :

4. PIPE Operator (|)
The Fourth Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) is PIPE Operator (|).
PIPE is a kind of operator can be used to display output of the first command by taking input to the second command. For example you want to check all currently running system process using command ps -ef. but as the processes list is so long that it cannot be covered in one screen. In that case you can use the Filter Operator with command more. Refer the command below :
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ps -ef | more

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 00:13 ? 00:00:04 /sbin/init auto noprompt
root 2 0 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 4 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 6 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root 7 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:10 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 8 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:08 [rcu_sched]
root 9 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root 10 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 170 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [ttm_swap]
root 177 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/0:1H]
root 213 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:02 [jbd2/sda1-8]
root 214 2 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
root 246 1 0 00:13 ? 00:00:02 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root 270 1 0 00:13 ? 00:00:01 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
systemd+ 326 1 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
root 765 1 0 00:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vmware-vmblock-fuse -o subtype=vmware-vmblock,default_permissions,allow_other /var/run/vmblock-fuse
–More–

5. Semicolon Operator (;)
Fifth Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) is Semicolon Operator (;).

Semicolon Operator executes multiple commands at once sequentially as it is mentioned and provides output without depending on the success & failure of other commands like && Operator and OR Operator (||). Have a look at the example below :
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 5 localhost ; ifconfig ens33 ; df -h
PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms

— localhost ping statistics —
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4091ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.063/0.082/0.091/0.011 ms
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:ff:cd:2e
inet addr:192.168.43.185 Bcast:192.168.43.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 2405:204:f017:75dd:65af:f027:85c2:88eb/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: 2405:204:f017:75dd:f076:72b8:fd36:757f/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::b396:d285:b5b3:81c3/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:146608 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78275 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:188124508 (188.1 MB) TX bytes:6912561 (6.9 MB)

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 966M 0 966M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 12M 187M 6% /run
/dev/sda1 18G 5.3G 12G 32% /
tmpfs 992M 212K 992M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 199M 60K 199M 1% /run/user/1000

6. Ampersand Operator (&)
Sixth Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator) is Ampersand Operator (&).
Ampersand Operator is a kind of operator which executes given commands in background. You can use this operator to execute multiple command at once.

The advantage of this operator is it doesn’t let you wait to use the shell prompt till the given command get completed. For example you ping to elinuxbook.com with 50 packets. as you know that it will take some time to complete the 50 packaets. Without using Ampersand Operator you have to wait till the 50 packets get completed to run another command but by using this operator you can use the shell prompt and the current given command i.e. pinging will run on background and that is the beauty of Ampersand Operator.
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 50 localhost &

You can also execute multiple commands using Ampersand Operator. Refer the command below.
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 5 localhost & df -h &
[1] 25962
[2] 25963
elinuxbook@ubuntu:~$ PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 966M 0 966M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 12M 187M 6% /run
/dev/sda1 18G 5.3G 12G 32% /
tmpfs 992M 212K 992M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 199M 56K 199M 1% /run/user/1000
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.117 ms

— localhost ping statistics —
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4072ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.052/0.084/0.117/0.022 ms

As you can see above the output of both commands coming simultaneously.

These are 6 Bash shell command line Chaining Operators (Linux operator). Your feedback on this article is valuable for us.
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How to Restart Linux with a Command

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How to Restart Linux with a Command

In this tutorial, we’re going to show you how to use the restart command on Linux and how to restart (reboot) your system via the command-line interface (CLI).

We previously learned how to shut down Linux using a command. Now we’ll learn how to restart it. These commands will work on most Linux distros, including Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, Debian, Arch Linux, etc.
You might intuitively think that the command would be “sudo restart” but, it’s not.
How to restart Linux using the “reboot” command
First, open up Terminal (CTRL + ALT + T), or whatever else you’re using to access the CLI on your Linux distro.
The most simple way to do it is to use the “reboot” command, like so:
sudo reboot
This will restart your system. That’s the most simple and basic usage of the reboot command. For more advanced options, read below.
If you’re using a systemctl-based distro, you might need to use this command instead:
sudo systemctl reboot
How to force restart Linux with the reboot command
You can use the “-f” option with the reboot command to force restart your Linux system. By using the -f option, the system won’t sync and unmount filesystems.
sudo reboot -f
How to restart Linux with the shutdown command (with or without a delay)
Aside from shutting your system down, you can also reboot it with the “shutdown” command by using the -r option:
sudo shutdown -r now
This is useful if you want to restart your system after a given amount of time (instead of now), you can specify a delay. For example, if you want to reboot the system after 10 minutes, you can run:
sudo shutdown -r +10
And if you want to cancel an already scheduled reboot, you can run:
sudo shutdown -c
How to restart then halt Linux with a command
If you first want to restart your system and then halt it (stops all CPU functions) you can use the “-p” option:
sudo reboot -p
And that’s it! This was a pretty simple and straightforward tutorial. You can also restart Linux using the “init 6” command, but the reboot and shutdown commands are enough for most cases.
You can learn more about the commands we featured in our tutorial with:
man reboot
man shutdown

How to Install Java on Ubuntu 24.04

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How to Install Java on Ubuntu 24.04

This blog post will show you how to install Java on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS system step-by-step.Java is a well-known platform independent object-oriented programming language used in software development for decades. It is mostly used in web development, mobile applications, enterprise applications and scientific computing.Ubuntu 24.04 offers two main Java options:OpenJDK: This is the free and open-source implementation of Java, perfect for most development needs.Oracle JDK: The official Java Development Kit from Oracle, providing the complete Java experience with additional features.In this post, we will cover both the options.PrerequisitesPre-Install Ubuntu 24.04Local User with admin rightsInternet ConnectivityInstalling OpenJDK on Ubuntu 24.04OpenJDK package is readily available in default apt repositories of Ubuntu 24.04. So, its installation is straight forward, open the terminal and run following apt commands.$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install default-jdk -yNote: default-jdk will install latest and stable OpenJDK version (currently Java 21 LTS)Verify Java Version$ java –versionIn case you want to install specific version (e.g 11,17,21) of OpenJDK then run following.$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk
$ sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdkOnce OpenJDK-17 package is installed, you can verify the Java version by running following command:$ java –versionInstalling Oracle Java (JDK) on Ubuntu 24.04In order to install Oracle JDK, first you need to download its Debian package from its official web site.https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/Currently Oracle Java 21 is the LTS version, so select Java 21 Tab and click on Debian package to download Java 21 or copy the link.We can also download Oracle Java Debian package using below wget command,$ wget https://download.oracle.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.debOnce the package is downloaded, install it using beneath apt command.$ sudo apt install ./jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.deb -yPost installation, verify its version, runConfigure Default JavaThere could be a scenario where you have installed multiple versions of Java but want to set one specific version as default. Execute following command,$ sudo update-alternatives –config javaChoose the Java version by selecting its number as shown below.Set JAVA_HOME Environment VariableTo set the JAVA_HOME variable, first get the absolute path of Java, run$ ls -l /usr/lib/jvm/
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root  root    21 Apr 17 17:54 java-1.17.0-openjdk-amd64 -> java-17-openjdk-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 9 root  root  4096 May 26 10:24 java-17-openjdk-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 9 10668 10668 4096 May 26 10:14 jdk-21-oracle-x64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 May 26 10:24 openjdk-17
$Next, add the following lines to /etc/environment file$ sudo vi /etc/environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
export PATH=”$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin”
$Save and close the file.Now source the environment file so that above variables come into the affect.$ source /etc/environment
$ echo $JAVA_HOMEPerfect, output above shows that JAVA_HOME variable and its path has been configured successfully.That’s all from this post, we hope you have found it informative and useful. Feel free to post your queries and feedback in below comments section.

Kaspersky chiude i battenti negli Stati Uniti regalando 6 mesi di utilizzo dei propri prodotti (anche Linux)

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USABanKaspersky

Poco più di un mese fa avevamo raccontato di KVRT, un tool gratuito disponibile (anche) per le piattaforme Linux e creato dall’azienda russa Kaspersky. In quell’articolo ci eravamo interrogati sull’affidabilità di una soluzione simile, di fatto uno scanner di sicurezza che per funzionare ha bisogno di privilegi elevati, in particolare in questo preciso contesto storico dove l”invasione Russa in Ucraina è ancora un dramma irrisolto.

Non siamo diventati ossessionati da Kaspersky, sia ben chiaro, ma alcune recenti notizie, entrambe riportate da Bleeding Computer, ci invitano a tornare sull’argomento.

La prima racconta della definitiva chiusura di Kaspersky Lab negli Stati Uniti. Chiusura determinata il 21 giugno dalla conclusione delle indagini effettuate dall’Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) del Dipartimento del Tesoro degli Stati Uniti che hanno portato a delle sanzioni verso 12 dirigenti di Kaspersky Lab rei di aver operato nel settore tecnologico russo (l’amministrazione Biden dall’invasione Ucraina ha vietato ogni tipo di operazioni con la Russia), congelando i loro beni statunitensi e impedendone l’accesso fino alla revoca delle sanzioni.

Lo stesso Dipartimento del Commercio ha inoltre inserito AO Kaspersky Lab, OOO Kaspersky Group (Russia) e Kaspersky Labs Limited (Regno Unito) nella Entity List, sostanzialmente nel libro nero, impedendo a qualsiasi azienda statunitense di condurre affari con loro.

Naturale conseguenza di tutto questo è ovviamente la chiusura della divisione statunitense, con conseguente licenziamento delle circa 50 persone che vi lavoravano.

Inaspettatamente Kaspersky, e qui arriviamo alla seconda notizia, ha deciso di offrire gratuitamente 6 mesi di utilizzo per una selezione dei propri prodotti come regalo di addio, pubblicando questo messaggio:

Il messaggio di addio di Kaspersky

Questa notizia, indipendentemente da ciò che l’ha determinata, è certamente spiacevole, poiché pur non volendosi abbandonare ai sentimentalismi dell’orsetto piangente col cuoricino, è lo specchio del triste momento storico che stiamo vivendo, dove le società non falliscono perché i loro prodotti non sono validi, ma perché la nazione da cui provengono ne ha invasa un’altra.

Rimangono i 3 consigli finali, che sono sempre validi quando si tratta di sicurezza:

Ricordati di eseguire sempre il backup dei tuoi dati.

Diffida dei collegamenti e ricontrolla la fonte prima di fare clic.

Proteggi la tua identità online, modifica regolarmente le password e mantienile lunghe e complesse.

Amen.

Raoul Scarazzini

Da sempre appassionato del mondo open-source e di Linux nel 2009 ho fondato il portale Mia Mamma Usa Linux! per condividere articoli, notizie ed in generale tutto quello che riguarda il mondo del pinguino, con particolare attenzione alle tematiche di interoperabilità, HA e cloud.E, sì, mia mamma usa Linux dal 2009.

Fonte: https://www.miamammausalinux.org/2024/07/kaspersky-chiude-i-battenti-negli-stati-uniti-regalando-sei-mesi-di-utilizzo-dei-propri-prodotti-anche-linux/
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Ultramarine Linux 40: A Well-Crafted Fedora Spin

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Ultramarine Linux 40: A Well-Crafted Fedora Spin

A new release of Ultramarine Linux 40 is now available & we did a test drive for a quick review.

Ultramarine Linux, which is a fairly new Linux distribution based on Fedora, has out with its latest version 40 a few days back. This release brings a refreshed package set based on the Fedora 40 release at its core, with some key changes.

This distribution was initially in focused on providing Pantheon desktop with Fedora. But due to slow development of Pantheon & maintenance burden, the team has dropped Pantheon from this version onwards.

In addition, the flagship version with Budgie desktop is offered with options to choose GNOME, KDE Plasma and Xfce desktop environment.

Let’s have a quick run through.

Ultramarine Linux 40 KDE Plasma 6

Ultramarine Linux 40: Review

Installation & ISO

Ultramarine Linux 40 uses the same Anaconda installer used by Fedora. However, the team is working on a new installer called “Readymade” in the coming days. While that is being worked on, you can use the current installer for seamless installation. During my test, the installation went smooth for this release.

Furthermore, you get separate ISO files for each desktop environments – Budgie, KDE Plasma, GNOME and Xfce.

Core updates and Looks

Ultramarine Linux 40 is powered by Linux Kernel 6.8 as of publishing this. Since it is based on Fedora, you should get the upcoming Kernel in its lifecycle of 6 months. Thanks to the latest Kernel, the hardware, drivers are auto-detected during my test including printers, graphics cards.

This distribution packs Flatpak by default and enables you to install hundreds of Flathub packages by default. In addition, Ultramarine Linux also features its custom repository “Terra” on top of Fedora 40’s default repositories. Hence, you get a few custom packages tweaked to its style.

Ultramarine Linux 40 – Xfce Edition

Overall, the looks are well crafted on top of the default Fedora looks for GNOME, KDE Plasma, Budgie and Xfce desktop. A new combination of dark/light wallpaper is introduced for Ultramarine 40 which complements its looks. The default shell is Zsh which is customized with a nice theme for all the terminal fans.

Zsh shell

Default Applications

Ultramarine 40 brings usual default applications offered by Fedora Linux. It does not have any native apps to offer anything extra. Common applications include Firefox (v126) and LibreOffice (v24.2) which are pre-installed in all the desktop environments.

The additional apps such as text editor, image viewer, and software manager are based on the desktop environment you use. So, if you use KDE Plasma desktop, you have GWenview (image viewer), KWrite for text editing. For Xfce desktop environment, you get Mousepad and Ristretto image viewer.

Performance

The performance of Ultramarine Linux 40 is almost identical with the Fedora 40. In an idle system which is running for 12 hours in virtualbox, it uses 1.4 GB of RAM. Most of the resources are consumed by systemd and Kwin (for KDE Plasma edition).

The default installation takes around 5 GB of disk space for KDE Plasma edition. Xfce and Budgie edition should be a little less.

Ultramarine Linux 40 Performance

Wrapping Up

Overall, Ultramarine Linux 40 is mostly identical with Fedora at this moment. Since it is under the Fyra Labs, you may get some more stability on top of Fedora. Deprecating Pantheon desktop with Fedora is unfortunate due to its slow development.

The Pantheon desktop offering was one of the uniqueness of this distribution. Because there is no distribution today which offers Pantheon with Fedora base. Since that is now gone, it is almost identical to stock Fedora. A few more customizations or native apps probably would make it a little different from the stock Fedora experience.

You can download it from the official website.

9 Best Valheim Server Hosting According to Reddit

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Are you tired of experiencing laggy gameplay and unreliable connections on your Valheim server? If you want to make the most out of your Valheim gaming experience, you need a dedicated Valheim server from the best Valheim server hosting service. By entering the server’s IP address and port number into the game’s server browser, players can join Valheim servers. To rent a dedicated server for Valheim, one must choose a hosting provider and sign up for a hosting plan, as personalizing the server to one’s necessity is a great deal.  But with so many hosting services available, how do you know which one to choose?In this article, we have compiled a list of the best Valheim game server hosting services to help you make an informed decision.List of the Best Valheim Server HostingHere is the list of the top Cheapest game server hosting for Valheim as per Reddit users’ reviews.What is Valheim?Valheim is an open-world, survival-based video game. It was launched in 2021, and developed by Iron Gate Studios and published by Coffee Stain Publishing.Valheim is an action-packed survival game that allows players to explore a vast and beautiful world. Players must work together to defeat bosses, collect resources, and build their own Viking empire. A reliable server hosting service is required to ensure smooth gameplay for the multiplayer mode, while both single-player and multiplayer modes can play the game.Valheim is an engaging multiplayer game that allows players to explore a vast open world filled with unique creatures, items, and secrets.Players can build their structures and bases to protect themselves from monsters and the elements.The game features a skill system that allows players to improve their abilities in combat, crafting, and other activities.Valheim is relatively lightweight and can run on most modern computers without high-end hardware.If you are looking to host your own Valhem dedicated server, then choose the Kamatera cloud. They provide a 30-day free trial to host and test your server free.8 Best Valheim Server HostingHere is the curated list of the best cheap and affordable game hosting companies that helps you to choose the best Valheim game servers as per your requirements.1. Sparked Host (Editor’s Choice)The best Valheim hosting solution we consider you taking advantage of is Sparked Host, why them? You will need a powerful and easy-to-use system for hosting a Valheim server effectively. They do this extremely well and provide much more including top-tier performance, incredible features, and trust of credibility from tons of happy customers.Their top-tier performance is no joke, achieving high industry standards for the best hardware money can buy and having an extremely high bandwidth. The hardware offered consists of an AMD Ryzen 5 7600 or equivalent, high-speed DDR5 RAM, and an extremely fast NVMe SSD with 12 GB RAM. Not to mention, the bandwidth they offer is substantially high, with 1Gbit speeds for an amazingly smooth in-game experience!Once you have the right hardware, you may find locating quality features and services challenging. However, don’t worry. Sparked Host has you covered with their fantastic features as well.Key FeaturesIf you need features such as sub-user access, trustworthy DDoS protection, automated server backups, and SFTP access. Then check out Sparked Host and their full list of fantastic features below:One-Click Mod Installation: With a click, you can install all the famous mods available on the market. The interface is user-friendly, so you can always feel comfortable.Enhanced Security Measures: their components like DDoS protection and data backups of the server act as a barrier against threats.Optimized Performance: The use of top-notch hardware that regulates, on its own, the allocation of resources by default to ensure optimal Performance is even more beneficial.Customer Support: It is the ability to reach out for professional help whenever needed to get all urgent problems resolved quickly.ProsAffordable Pricing: You can get Valheim Server Hosting with cheaper pricing options; it makes sure that this too will be suitable for individual users as well as small to medium servers.User-Friendly Interface: This tool is Equipped with an efficient and human-centered control panel, thus serving as an expert in guiding novices.Free DDoS Protection: It comprises a DDoS Protect Tool to shield servers from external attacks.Responsive Customer Support: this is known for its quick and helpful customer service, available 24/7 to address any issues.ConsLimited Global Reach: locating data centres in fewer geographical areas compared to major companies could lead to some difficulties in the dynamic of the game for international players.Why do we recommend it?The Sparked Host server lets us enjoy both affordability and functionality, whereas it has the anti-DDoS attack as a bonus with no complication in its user interface (user-friendly) that could satisfy both beginners and intermediates users. Brunting has implemented their responsive customer service to resolve any problems as soon as they arise. Their response rate has been quick and efficient.Who is it recommended for?It fits both individual hosting and businesses with limited budgets in need of a reliable Valheim Server Hosting solution with solid customer support. Especially those who are new to server hosting. Gamers who want to explore multiple locations find this server hosting useful due to access to a variety of premium locations. Also, it has an easy-to-use control panel that makes the gaming experience hassle-free and easy.Editors ChoiceSparkedhost is the top-notch choice for Valheim Server Hosting as it fulfills all the expectations of a curious gamer. The best thing is budget is not the issue as it offers budget-friendly options and protects against DDOS attacks, ensuring safety for servers of any size. Your game will be more exciting with access to premium locations globally; players enjoy top-notch service regardless of their location. It comes with an Apollo Panel, which will simplify your server management with its user-friendly interface. Plus, it has many cool features like modpack and plugin installers, server importer, and reverse proxy to allow customization and efficiency for an optimal gaming experience.Try Sparked Host2. DatHostDathost is a leading Valheim plus game server hosting provider founded in 2015. It has 24 globally spread locations in 19 countries, which helps to keep latency to a minimum. All their game servers are hosted on enterprise hardware and premium DDoS-protected networks. They offer different mod supports, allowing users to customize the gameplay experience for players.Additionally, they have an external monitoring tool that monitors all servers 24/7 from locations worldwide. The interesting aspect of DatHost is its flat pricing plans. You can increase and decrease RAM and CPU as per your requirements.Key FeaturesCustomizable Control Panel: The power of this technology is its capability to fully customize the user experience to individual requirements and tastes.Automated Scaling: Dynamic server capacity with self-regulating technologies to manage peak periods of player numbers.Low Latency Networks: Direct links are negotiated for low ping times in order to facilitate the efficient relay of signals.Pay-as-you-go Pricing: its pay-as-you-use billing arrangement frees you from long-term contracts where you pay for the resources you use.ProsCustomizable Configurations: This tool gives end users more authority over server configuration, developed exactly for the benefit of the experienced users.Pay-As-You-Go Billing: this tool has flexible billing based on usage, which can be cost-effective for intermittent use.High Performance: it also comes with superbly loved matchmaking, which is optimized for games and eliminates lagging, improving the play quality.Easy Setup: it is a quick and easy setup process, even for those with little technical experience.ConsNo Free Trial: this tool does not offer a free trial period, which might deter new users from trying their service without a commitment.Why do we recommend it?DatHost is known for its customizable server configurations and flexible pay-as-you-go pricing model. It offers high Performance and Easy Setup, making it a great choice for competitive gaming and other high-demand uses. It offers up to 2tbps of enterprise-level DDoS protection, which is quite enough for group gaming. You don’t have to worry about losing data; it supports automatic backup, so you can always access your data from the server conveniently.Who is it recommended for?Best suited for advanced users and competitive gamers who need detailed control over their server settings and prefer a billing model that adjusts based on usage. It can also be used by streamers or content creators who love engaging with audiences with multiplayer games. Moreover, you can also create a private server for a more engaging experience. Game developers also find this server hosting useful for testing and deploying the games to offer the best multiplayer experience.Try DatHost3. Apex Hosting (Best Overall)Apex Hosting is a top-rated hosting service that offers powerful Valheim game servers. Their servers come with DDoS protection, automatic backups, and full FTP access. With Apex Hosting, you can easily manage your server from a user-friendly control panel and enjoy lag-free gameplay.Apex Hosting is also popular due to its affordable Valheim hosting plans and custom control panel with one-click installs. It features advanced server management tools with DDoS protection to protect your server. It also provides low latency and high uptime guarantee.Key FeaturesFree Automatic Backups: it uses automatic backups to quickly restore your game world and settings.DDoS Protection: the servers come with enterprise-grade DDoS protection to maintain accessibility and stability under attack.Multicraft Control Panel: A user-friendly control panel for managing server files, permissions, and plugins via a web interface.24/7 Server Monitoring: it is used for continuous monitoring detects and resolves issues promptly, ensuring reliable server performance.ProsRobust Infrastructure: this tool utilizes high-quality, modern hardware and networks for top-notch Performance and minimal downtime.Global Locations: this tool offers a variety of server locations worldwide, helping reduce latency for international players.Automatic Backups: It provides free, automatic backups, ensuring that game data is not lost and can be quickly restored.Specialized Support: this tool features dedicated support for Minecraft and other games, offering tailored assistance for game-specific issues.ConsHigher Cost: Generally more expensive than some competitors, which might be a barrier for budget-conscious users.Why do we recommend it?Apex Hosting stands out with its robust infrastructure and specialized support for games like Minecraft. It offers global server locations and automatic backups, ensuring a high-quality, secure gaming experience. This Valheim Server Hosting panel is easy to operate, as it supports various server modes and provides full FTP access to handle secure file management. You must give it a try once; there is no harm in it, as it has a 7-day money-back guarantee if you are not satisfied with the hosting service.Who is it recommended for?Recommended for serious gamers and community leaders who need reliable, high-performance hosting with excellent global reach and support, especially for Minecraft servers. It is best for large organizations or individuals running Minecraft servers. Gamers love this hosting service as it supports unlimited player slots and offers super fast speed, hence giving a lag-free gaming experience.Try Apex Hosting4. Zap-Hosting (Cheap Option)Zap-Hosting is another leading and popular company that offers reliable and affordable Valheim server hosting solutions. Their servers have DDoS protection, automatic backups, and full FTP access. With Zap-Hosting, you can customize your server settings and easily manage your server from a user-friendly control panel.Their server has a custom control panel for easy server management, with high-performance servers for lag-free gameplay. It is equipped with DDoS protection and automatic backups for data security. It also provides multiple server locations for optimal performance, with 24/7 customer support for any server-related issues.Key FeaturesCustom Plugins Support: Listening to the desires of the community and implementing custom plugins for the servers to meet the user`s needs.Real-time Resource Monitoring: Tracking server conditions and resource usage with real-time analysis tools.Energy Efficient Infrastructure: Hosting on eco-friendly servers to decrease environmental impact. Green Digital InitiativesIntegrated Marketplace: Access our internal marketplace to provide or purchase server-related services.ProsWide Range of Services: Among others, it provide services such as game servers, VPS, and dedicated servers.Instant Setup: Instantly after payments, virtual servers are launched and ready to use for new projects or continuing the former one.Multilingual Support: Provides customer support in several languages, catering to a global customer base.Eco-Friendly Hosting: Green hosting option sales lead market development towards the environment in view of nature-oriented users.ConsComplex Pricing Structure: Pricing can be complicated with no straightforward explanation of what the fee charges are, leaving the new user with no idea of what to expect when it comes to the price.Why do we recommend it?Zap-Hosting provides a wide range of services and instant Setup, along with support for multiple languages and eco-friendly hosting options. Its integrated marketplace is a unique feature that adds additional value. If you are tight on budget and looking for an affordable Valheim server hosting option, this is the go-to choice. Your security is guaranteed as it supports automatic backups and updates. The user with no tech knowledge can also operate this easily due to its user-friendly control panel.Who is it recommended for?It is ideal for users who require a diverse set of hosting services, including game servers, VPS, and dedicated servers, and value sustainability in their hosting choices. It can also be useful to a wide range of user bases, such as web developers, game developers, event organizers, and more. Server admins can easily configure servers as needed and make dynamic use of this service. In case of any issue or help, the experts at Zap Hosting are available 24/7 to assist with the problem.Try Zap-Hosting5. Fozzy HostingFozzy Hosting offers high-quality hosting services at competitive prices. They equip their servers with the latest hardware and provide easy-to-use control panels. With Fozzy Hosting, you can expect excellent customer support and fast server speeds. It has powerful servers with high-clock speed CPUs, SSD storage, and a custom control panel with one-click installation of Valheim servers.They provide DDoS protection and automatic backups for data security. It also features multiple server locations for low ping times with 24/7 customer support for their users if they need any assistance related to their hosting services.Key FeaturesFast Setup Process: this tool has a quick and easy server setup process, with servers going live in minutes.Solid-State Drives (SSDs): SSDs are used for faster data access and improved server response times.Multi-language Support: Customer support is available in multiple languages to assist global users.Optimized Software Stack: Pre-optimized configurations for various applications to ensure best Performance.ProsFast Load Times: Utilizes SSDs and optimized servers for fast loading and response times, enhancing user experience.Global Data Centers: Offers multiple data center locations worldwide, improving service speed and reliability for international clients.24/7 Support: Provides round-the-clock technical support, ensuring help is available whenever needed.Flexible Plans: Offers a range of hosting plans, from shared hosting to dedicated servers, suitable for different user needs and budgets.ConsLimited Advanced Features: Fewer advanced configurations and customizations are available, which might not meet the needs of more technical users.Why do we recommend it?Fozzy Hosting is praised for its fast load times and flexible plans, making it a great option for those who prioritize Performance and scalability. Its 24/7 support ensures continuous assistance. It has reliable services and customer-friendly policies. Want to cancel the Valheim Server Hosting service? dont worry; you can claim the 3-day money-back guarantee and hassle-free cancellation anytime, so users have peace of mind. The best thing we admire is it is powered by enterprise-level Dell servers and backed by their own datacenter, so it will perform automatic backups for added security.Who is it recommended for?Suited for businesses and individuals who need reliable web hosting with quick Setup and global data centres, particularly those engaging in international e-commerce. As it has lots of customer centric features, wide range of users can use this service such as bloggers, content creators, developers, tech enthusiasts and soon. It gives you a freedom to check the test locations and choose accordingly.Try Fozzy Hosting6. GTXGamingGTXGaming offers powerful and reliable Valheim game servers at competitive prices. Their servers use the latest hardware and come with a user-friendly control panel. GTXGaming offers excellent customer support and guarantees 99.9% uptime. It offers high-performance servers with fast SSD storage and multiple locations for low latency. The hosting server is an easy-to-use control panel with server customization options and 24/7 customer support available.Key FeaturesGame-Switching Capability: Instead, the transition between different games would not necessitate multiple servers because of platform independence.Advanced Mod Support: Devoted to assisting with mods and enabling the negation of installation issues and errors.High-performance CPUs: The top CPUs are implemented to offer a high-speed, non-lag gaming experience.Geographic Redundancy: Dual servers distributed across multiple locations to eliminate downtime by increasing availability.ProsGame Variety: A broad support for games ensures there is better coverage overall for different varieties of gaming from various gamers.Custom Control Panel: Supports a tailor-made control board that is for the simple administration of the gaming servers.Instant Server Setup: Once a gamer takes the seller’s order, he can immediately set up the game and start gaming almost immediately.Mod Support: Provides mod support for those mod dont know to how to install. So, bringing the gaming experience to a higher level.ConsPricing Variability: Games can be more expensive: this can be buying of the newer or more popular game, which is not favorable for people with low budgets.Why do we recommend it?GTXGaming offers robust support for a wide variety of games and a custom control panel designed specifically for gaming. Its mod support and instant server setup are particularly noteworthy. It comes with Valheim Plus support combined with offsite backup storage, which provides flexibility. You can instantly set up game-switching support to ensure smooth management while having live chat support.Who is it recommended for?Recommended for dedicated gamers and gaming communities who require flexibility in choosing and switching between multiple games with extensive modding needs. Organizations that often host tournaments and multiplayer games may find this useful because of its customization feature. Overall, its high-performance and easy to deploy in gaming environments.Try GTXGaming7. Shockbyte HostingShockbyte is a popular server host that offers excellent game hosting packages. With Shockbyte, you can enjoy lag-free gameplay, automatic updates, and easy server management. Their servers are backed by 24/7 customer support and use SSDs for faster loading times.Shockbyte Hosting is a popular choice for Valheim because of its affordable pricing plans and exceptional customer support. It has an easy-to-use control panel for server management with automatic backups and server snapshots for data protection. Shockbyte Hosting has low latency servers in multiple data center locations for optimal gameplay with instant server setup with a one-click installation process. This server offers its users a variety of server locations to choose from for low ping times.Key FeaturesUnlimited bandwidth: There are no limits on data transfer, and the quality is platinum for high-traffic gaming on the servers.Instant Setup: Starting servers promptly after the payment is made will be the next process, without any delay.Free Subdomain: This tool also provides a free subdomain to give your own FTP server’s web addressCross-Platform Support: it is compatible with different gaming platforms for a broad gaming audience.ProsUnlimited SSD Storage: this tool offers unlimited SSD on every plan as the storage area for data and an insanely fast-performance server.Uptime Guarantee: this tool increased consistency by 100% uptime using their SLA means that servers will be 24/7 available and accessible.Affordable Pricing: Places competitively priced products on offer, making the IPS monitor a great buy for beginners and budget players.Global Server Locations: Utilization of server sites across different continents helps maintain low latency for everyone, regardless of their location on the earth.ConsCustomer Service Delays: The major con is that sometimes, customers complain about a typical lag in customer service reactions in peak periods.Why do we recommend it?Shockbyte Hosting provides unlimited SSD storage and a 100% uptime guarantee at a competitive price, making it one of the most cost-effective solutions for gamers. Its unmatched features and affordability make it a unique choice from others. It offers powerful hardware, and its prices are often lower than those of its competitors. The other reason is it has a solid track record since 2013, has served hundreds of thousands of happy customers, and has hosted over half a million servers. Hence, it is our top recommendation if you want to enjoy a strong reputation in the gaming server community.Who is it recommended for?Ideal for Minecraft and other gamers looking for a budget-friendly hosting solution that doesn’t compromise on storage or uptime. Shockbyte provides dependable and reasonably priced solutions, whether you’re hosting massive tournaments or managing a Minecraft server for your buddies. Shockbyte has a solid reputation in the gaming community and is a great option for anyone looking for dependable and easily accessible hosting for multiplayer games. They have thousands of happy customers to their credit and years of experience under their belt.Try Shockbyte8. Scalacube HostingScalacube Hosting offers high-performance Valheim plus server hosting services at affordable prices. They use the latest hardware on their servers and back them up with excellent customer support. With Scalacube Hosting, you can customize your server settings and easily manage your server from a user-friendly control panel.Scalacube Hosting has Low-latency servers with multiple locations and customizable game settings for better gameplay. It also has automatic backups to protect your data and support mods and plugins.Key FeaturesLauncher for Custom Clients: Provides a custom launcher to help players connect to your server with ease.Private Networking: Allows you to create private networks for secure group gaming.Flexible Upgrade Options: Easy upgrades are available to seamlessly expand server capabilities as needed.Comprehensive Tutorials and Guides: Extensive resources to help new users manage and troubleshoot their servers.ProsFree Trial: Offers a free trial on VPS hosting, allowing users to test services before committing.Comprehensive Control Panel: Includes a richly-featured control panel that simplifies server management and configuration.All-Inclusive Plans: Plans come with features like DDoS protection, backups, and a free domain, providing great value.Plugin and Mod Support: Extensive support for plugins and mods, with easy installation processes.ConsInterface Complexity: The control panel and setup process can be complex for beginners or non-technical users.Why do we recommend it?Scalacube Hosting is known for its comprehensive control panel and all-inclusive plans that offer great value with features like DDoS protection and plugin support. The free trial on VPS hosting allows users to test services before buying. Your server will run perfectly without lagging, as it supports SSD and has intutive control panel.Who is it recommended for?It is best for those managing complex game servers who need robust management tools and reliable Performance, including support for plugins and mods. Don’t worry if you are a newbie in the Valheim Server Hosting world; it has information videos and 24/7 support that will make your hosting and gaming experience easier.Try Scalacube Hosting9. Host HavocHost Havoc is a reliable hosting service that offers high-quality game servers. Their servers come with DDoS protection, automatic backups, and easy-to-use control panels. Host Havoc offers excellent customer support and guarantees 99.9% uptime. It has multiple server locations for low latency, with one-click installs for easy server setup. Moreover, it provides customizable server settings for better gameplay along with 24/7 support available for any security issues. They primarily offer servers in North America and Western Europe.Key FeaturesInstant Mod Updates: One of the important factors is the automatic update options for mods and the gaming server with the purpose of ensuring that the most updated features are all available.Streamlined Administration Tools: Sophisticated tools that are designed to automatically perform this function with ease.Reliable Hardware: Reliable hardware needs redundancy and response time to avoid downtime and maintain good performance.Dedicated IPs Available: There is an option to have a built-in feature for forming a single connection from the network interface card.ProsHigh-Quality Hardware: it uses technologies from top-notch hardware providers that are able to guarantee uninterrupted high Performance.Exceptional Customer Support: Outstanding customer service and short response time from the professional staff is a quality that is especially emphasized.Easy to Use: this tool is an easy-to-use interface of the Item that makes the administration of the game servers simple for both experts and novices.Wide Game Support: It is quite capable of accepting different varieties of games, making it the Head of every game server.ConsLimited Server Locations: The regional location of this tool will be limited to a few other providers, which results in an unnecessary increase in latency for some international players.Why do we recommend it?Host Havoc is popular not only for its powerful hardware and good tech support service but also for its user-friendly interface and game support, making it the best choice for a committed gaming group. It is proven to offer 99.9% uptime and super fast Performance; hence, you can freely explore the world of adventure games. You get a wider choice of game options from worldwide locations.Who is it recommended for?Perfect for gamers, including host admin enthusiasts and pro-gamers who are eager to have powerful machines that can run virtually any popular game now in the market. Shockbyte server hosting serves a wide spectrum of users, including gamers, game developers, esports teams, content creators, educators, and tech enthusiasts, because it offers dependable and reasonably priced solutions. If you belong to the gaming industry, Shockbyte is the solid alternative for anyone looking for dependable and easily accessible Valheim Server Hosting for multiplayer gaming.Try Host HavocFinal ThoughtsFinding the best game hosting company can be a challenge. But with the help of our list, you can easily find a hosting provider that meets your needs. Whether you are looking for a provider with excellent server performance, reliable uptime, or exceptional customer support, we got you covered.Each hosting service we have listed offers unique features that can enhance your gaming experience. Furthermore, they all come highly recommended by the Valheim community. So, choose one of the hosting services on our list and embark on an epic Valheim adventure with your friends.FAQs1. Does any hosting provider offer a free Valheim server?Yes. Scalacube offers a free Valheim server to access a single-player game.2. How can I host a Valheim server for free?You can host a Valheim server on your PC or sign up for Kamatera Cloud, get a 30-day free trial, and test your server free. Kamatera Cloud is the best option if you are looking for the best Valheim dedicated server hosting.3. What is the maximum size of the Valheim server?Up to 10 players can join a server and play with each other.

Birdtray Ubuntu PPA Updated With Unread Email Count And Xwayland Fixes (Thunderbird Tray Icon)

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Birdtray Ubuntu PPA Updated With Unread Email Count And Xwayland Fixes (Thunderbird Tray Icon)

Birdtray is a system tray icon for Thunderbird, which shows the unread email count, with some extra features. The application has stopped working a while back—it no longer shows the unread email count with newer Thunderbird versions (both the latest Thunderbird 102.* stable and the latest beta—112 at the time I’m writing this article), and it doesn’t work properly on Wayland either. I have updated the Linux Uprising Apps PPA for Ubuntu and derivatives (and Linux distributions based on it, like Linux Mint, Pop!_OS, etc.) with fixes/workarounds for these issues, and I’ll also explain what I did so you can replicate this on other Linux distributions if you want to use Birdtray.But first, let me show you what Birdtray can do. The application features include:Thunderbird tray icon with unread email counterThe tray icon can flash (blink) when new emails are receivedConfigurable accounts/mail folder for which it should check for new emailsConfigurable unread count font colors for different email accountsCan hide and restore the Thunderbird window by double-clicking on the tray icon or from its menuCan automatically start Thunderbird when launching Birdtray and close Thunderbird when exiting the tray iconCan detect if Thunderbird was accidentally closed and re-launch itSnooze new email notifications for a predefined amount of timeAllows adding pre-configured email templates to the tray for quick access Birdtray was updated, but not reallyThe latest Birdtray release (at the time I’m writing this) on its GitHub releases page is currently version 1.9.0, published in October 2020. This version can no longer show the unread email count for Thunderbird 102 and newer versions, like the brand new Thunderbird 112 beta.But there was, in fact, a new Birdtray release (1.10) since then, at least according to the Git commit log. However, this release was not tagged, so it doesn’t appear on the Birdtray GitHub releases page. For this reason, Linux distributions (and other places where Birdtray is published as a binary, like Flathub) did not update to this version.This “unofficial” Birdtray 1.10 release had an issue with the translations, which was later fixed. There’s also a new feature added after this: when Thunderbird is not running, the user can now start it by clicking the Birdtray system tray icon; Thunderbird is then optionally hidden; two settings were added in the Hiding tab to control this behavior.So I’ve decided to grab the latest Birdtray from Git and package it as a DEB in the Linux Uprising Apps PPA, which can be used on Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Pop!_OS, and othre Linux distributions based on Ubuntu.Birdtray Wayland (Xwayland) workaroundsThis gets the Birdtray unread email counter to work with Thunderbird 102 and latest beta, but I also wanted to get it to work with Wayland, which I use on my GNOME desktop.I found this bug report in which some users have managed to get Birdtray to work on Wayland (Xwayland), but with mixed results. I wanted to get it to work on both GNOME and KDE with Wayland, and regardless if Thunderbird itself is running on Wayland or Xwayland.What worked in my tests (on Ubuntu with GNOME running on Wayland, Kubuntu with Wayland and Manjaro KDE with Wayland) was to start Birdtray using env XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11 birdtray, and in the Birdtray settings have the Thunderbird command line option (on the Advanced tab) set to /usr/bin/env GDK_BACKEND=x11 /usr/bin/thunderbird.I wanted this to be used automatically, so I patched Birdtray to use this. But if you had Birdtray installed previously, you may need to modify the Thunderbird command line option (Advanced tab) to /usr/bin/env GDK_BACKEND=x11 /usr/bin/thunderbird manually!Also, make sure you launch Birdtray from the applications menu, and not a terminal, so it uses the environment variable I mentioned above.Hopefully this works for everyone running Wayland, and not just on the 3 systems I’ve tested it on 😀️.Install Birdtray on Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Pop!_OS and other Ubuntu-based Linux distributions from PPAYou can add the Linux Uprising Apps PPA and install Birdtray on Ubuntu (23.04, 22.10, 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04), Linux Mint (21.*, 20.* and 19.*), Pop!_OS (23.04, 22.10, 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04) and other Ubuntu-based Linux distributions using the commands below:sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxuprising/appssudo apt updatesudo apt install birdtrayInstead of adding the PPA, you may download the Birdtray DEB package built in the PPA by visiting this page, but do note that unfortunately this link doesn’t support https. Or you could visit the PPA page and download the DEB from there.If you don’t want to use my binaries, you can build the latest Birdtray from Git yourself.I also want to mention the settings I’m using with Birdtray, maybe you want to achieve the same result, and you’re not very familiar with this application.I wanted Birdtray to feel like being basically part of Thunderbird, so when I close Birdtray, Thunderbird closes, when I start Birdtray it starts Thunderbird, minimize and close Thunderbird to the tray, and so on. To achieve this, I enabled all the checkboxes from the Birdtray Hiding tab.Also, my vision is not what it used to be, and I can’t see the number of unread emails shown on top of the Birdtray tray icon using the default settings (while using GNOME). So on the Birdtray General tab, I’ve changed the font bold option to 140%, and the notification border color width to 40%. This works great for me, but then again I don’t usually have more than 9 unread emails, so you might need to tweak it further if you usually have more than that.

Install Kali Linux On Raspberry Pi 3 : Creation of a Hacking Machine

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Install Kali Linux On Raspberry Pi 3 : Creation of a Hacking Machine

In this tutorial, we will tell you how to install kali Linux on raspberry pi 3. Raspberry pi is a single board small computer which is portable as well. Raspberry pi 3 is the third generation Raspberry Pi. It will cost you around $35-$40 (totally worth it). It will come with handy specs.
  Note: Below ( ) are used to mention the time in the video.

1. Download all files from the above links.

2. Insert SD CARD and open Win32DiskImager . Locate your kali linux image file and sd card. Hit        write. 

3. After the writing process is done. Insert SD card in Raspberry Pi and do setup as shown (1:21)

4. Open Network sharing (1:39) . Do the settings as shown.

5. Open cmd and type arp -a .Note your ip address. (2:38)

6. Open Putty (3:00) and do configuration as shown.

7. Commands to install GUI 

     apt-get update (4:20)

     apt-get install lxde (4:40)

     apt-get install lightdm (5:15)

8. Open Xming (5:29) and type startlxde (5:37)

9. Successfully Installed (5:52)

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