Installing Fedora won’t take much time on your system, so let’s see the steps that you can take to install Fedora 39 on your system.
Fedora brings up a new version every six months for its users to bring up new features with the improvements from the last release, and in November, Fedora came up with 39.
I’m excited to install Fedora 39 on my system. If you do too, then come up with me so we can both install the new Fedora on our systems side-by-side.
Also, if you have never installed Fedora on your system, then you can use this article as a reference to install Fedora on your VMware machine.
Now, if you’re all set, the next step is to acquire the ISO file necessary for the installation process.

Download Fedora 39 ISO
Fedora 39 comes in different flavors, from default GNOME to KDE, Budgie, LXDE, Mate, and the list goes on, and it’s up to you now which flavor you want to choose.
If you are not sure which desktop environment is good for you, simply download the GNOME desktop environment, which typically meets all the user’s needs.
To get the Fedora 39 ISO file, you can use the torrent link or else go to the official site to download the GNOME-based Fedora 39 Workstation.
Installation
After getting the Fedora 39 ISO, we are good to go with the installation part, but if you haven’t yet installed the latest version of VMware Workstation 17 Pro, then take a moment to install it on your system.
Create a New Virtual Machine
Once you are ready to follow along with me, then start the VMware workstation and use the shortcut Ctrl + N to create a new virtual instance.

1
Select “Typical (recommended)” and click on the Next button.

Create a New Virtual Machine in VMware Workstation Pro

2
Select the “Installer disc image file (iso)” and click on Browse to provide the ISO file, like shown below.

Provide the ISO file location

3
Now give a unique virtual machine name and also set the location where you want to store the virtual files.

Set name and virtual file location

4
I have set the disk size to 25 GB; if you want, you can increase the size as per your needs, as shown below.

Specify Disk Capacity

5
Everything is setup, and you are now ready to boot into the system for the installation. However, if you want to customize some hardware settings, then click on “Customize Hardware.”

Finish the Virtual Machine Setup Wizard
If you are happy with the default options, click on Finish to start the virtual machine.

This will boot the virtual instance and will be presented with the GRUB, where you have to select the first option, “Start Fedora-Workstation-Live 39.”

Select Start Fedora Workstation 39
Once the system is operational, you will be welcomed with the option to install Fedora and explore the live boot so you can test the system without installing it.

I’m good with the first option if you are too, then click on Install Fedora to start the installation process

Now you will be presented with a series of screens to install Fedora 39 on the system, and thus the first option is presented on the screen to select the preferred language.
So choose the right language and localization.

Select Language

8
Choose the Partition Type to Install Fedora

After selecting the language, you will be directed to the installation summary window, where you have to complete the pending action.
Here, as you can see, I have been marked pending for “Installation Destination”.

Click on Installation Destination
Most likely, you will have the same screen as mine, so click on “Installation Destination” and select the storage device.
For the sake of simplicity, we are going with the “Automatic” storage configuration, so you don’t have to manually create a partition on your system.

Choose the installation destination for Fedora
Next, you need to click on “Done” to go back to the installation summary.

As you can see from the below image, everything is done, so it means we are good to click on the “Begin Installation” button to start installation.

Click on Begin Installation
It will take some time to complete the process, and once it’s over, you just have to click on the “Finish Installation” button to exit from the installer and reboot the system.

Click on Finish Installation
Inital Setup After Reboot
There are a few things left for us to do, such as enabling third-party repositories, creating users, and a few options to disable, which I don’t prefer to use.
So, when you start your system, the first thing you will see is the following image:

Click on Start Setup
After clicking on “Start Setup,” you will be first asked to keep the default location services and automatic problem reporting enabled.
If you don’t want to keep it enabled, you can opt out and click on “Next” to move to the next screen.

Privacy setup on Fedora
Thereafter, you will be prompt to enable third-party repositories for the extra support of the system so you can install additional software and packages.

Enable Third-party repositories on Fedora
After that, if you wish, you can connect your online accounts using the three different providers, but if you don’t want to, then click on “Skip”.

Connect your Online Accounts
Now you have to provide a detail to create your account with your personalization, and then click on Next to enter your password in the next window.

Account Setup on Fedora 39
Set Password

After all this, you just have to click on the “Start using Fedora Linux” button to get started with the new Fedora.

Click on Start Using Fedora Linux to use
Voila! Welcome to your freshly installed Fedora system to explore the new features of GNOME.

Fedora 39 Desktop
I recommend you read the things you need to do after installing Fedora 39 on your system to make the most of it from the start.
Wrap up
That’s all for this article, where I demonstrate how to install Fedora 39 on your virtual machine, so you can easily go through the steps when you are not sure.

Also Read: How to Install and Start an SSH Server in Fedora 38 and Later

I hope you like this article…See you in the next article!
A man with a tech effusive who has explored some of the amazing technology stuff and is exploring more. While moving towards, I had a chance to work on Android development, Linux, AWS, and DevOps with several open-source tools.

In this tutorial, we’re going to show you how to find a file in Linux. This tutorial will focus on the command-line way of finding a file. You can of course just use the Search option in your GUI to find a file visually.

To find a file in Linux, you can use 2 commands: find and locate. We’ll feature both commands in this tutorial.
Let’s start with the find command.
Syntax and a basic example of the find command
The syntax of the find command is:
find [OPTIONS] [PATH] [EXPRESSION]

You can use several options/flags to control how the find command executes
The [PATH] is the location/path where you want to find the command to search for a file. So if you use /etc/ the command will start searching for a file in that directory and all other subdirectories. It’s the starting path.
The [EXPRESSION] is the “criteria” you want to use to find the file. This can be a string, or anything else. You’ll see more examples below.

A most basic example of the find command is:
find -iname “example.txt”
This command will output a list of all locations where a file named “example.txt” is located. This is known as “searching by name”
“-iname” is used to find a file based on its name. If you used “-name”, the name of the file the command finds would be case-sensitive. So if there was a file named “Example.txt” it wouldn’t find it. We’re using -iname to ignore the case of the file, so it finds all instances of the file name, including “eXample.txt”, “EXAMPLE.TXT”, “ExaMpLE.txt”, etc.
We’ll go into more specific details of the find command below.
How to find files in Linux that don’t match certain criteria
If you want to find files that DON’T match certain criteria, just use the option -not. Example:
find -not -iname “example.txt”
will find all files that are not “example.txt”. The “-not” option is pretty self-explanatory and can always be used with the find command.
How to find files by file type
If you want to find and filter files by their file type, you need to use the “-type” option.
The types you can use are:

“f” for regular files
“d” for directories
“b” for block devices
“l” for symbolic links (symlinks)
“c” for character devices

For example, if you want to find all symlinks in the /var directory, you can use this command:
find /var -type l
How to combine multiple options and criteria in the find command
You can combine the options in one single command. For example, if you want to find all symlinks that contain “example” in them, you can use:
find /var -type l -iname “*example*”
By default, when you combine options, they are joined together by the “-and” operand, which means that both criteria must be true. You can use the “-or” operand to get results that return either of the options. For example:
find -type -d -or -iname “example”
This command will output all directories AND all files that are named “example”. If you didn’t use the “-or” option, you would get all directories that are named “example”.
How to find files by size
Another useful option to use with the find command is the “-size” option. You can filter the files you find by size.
The size filters you can use:

“k” for kibibytes (KiB, units of 1024 bytes)
“M” for mebibytes (MiB, units of 1024 * 1024 = 1048576bytes)
“G” for gibibytes (GiB, units of 1024 * 1024 * 1024 =1073741824 bytes)
“b” for 512-byte blocks (this is the default if nosuffix is used)
“c” for bytes
“w” for two-byte words

So, for example, to find all files that are larger than 1 GB in the /home directory, you can use the following command:
find /home -size +1G
If you want to find files that are smaller than 1 GB, you can use:
find /home -size -1G
And to find all files that are exactly 1 GB, you can use:
find /home -size 1G
How to find files by time
You can find and filter files with the find command by time. More specifically, you can use these options:

“-atime” – to find the files based on the last time they were read or written to (Access Time)
“-mtime” – to find files based on the last time they were modified (Modification Time)
“-ctime” – to find files based on the last time the files inode metadata was changed (Change Time)

By default, the parameters these options use are days. For example, to find files in the /var directory that were modified within the last 2 days, you can use this command:
find /var -mtime 2
Similarly to the size option, you can use the plus and minus operands. For example, to find the files that were modified less than 2 days ago, you can use:
find /var -mtime -2
To find files that were modified more than 2 days ago, you can use:
find /var -mtime +2
You can also use minutes instead of days. To do that, you need to use the “-mmin” option. For example, to find all files in the /var directory that were modified within the last 5 minutes, you can use:
find /var -mmin 5
How to find files based on permissions
To find files that have certain permissions, you can use the “-perm” option. For example, to find all files that have “777” permissions in the /var directory, you can use the following command:
find /var -perm 777
To find all files in the /var/ directory that have at least 644 permissions, run this command:
find /var -perm -644
This will return files that have permissions higher than 644, like 744, 777, etc.
Run commands on the files that the find command finds
If you want to run (execute) commands on the files that the find command finds, you can use the “-execute” option, like so:
find [CRITERIA] -exec [COMMAND] {} \;
In this case, [CRITERIA] is just whatever you would use in the find command as we showed in the previous examples. [COMMAND] is the command you’d like to execute on the files that the find command finds. Make sure to include {} (which is a placeholder for the results of the find command) and “\;” (which marks the end of the command)
An example that combines previous examples would be to find all files in the /var directory that have 777 permissions and update their permissions to 744:
find /var -perm 777 -exec chmod 744 {} \;
Other useful options you can use with the find command
We won’t go into detail with these, but you can easily find more information about them in the man page or just google.

“-maxdepth” sets the maximum level of directories the find command will look for files in. So if you have multiple subdirectories, you can limit the find command to 2 subdirectories, for example.
“-delete” deletes the files that the find command finds. You can add “-delete” at the end of the find command and it will delete all files that it finds.
“-O3” sets the optimization level to 3 – it will make the searching the fastest. The default level is “-O1”
“-user” and “-group” are used to filter the files based on ownership
“-empty” finds empty files
“-read” finds readable files

Now that you learned about the find command, let’s move on to the locate command, which is a relatively faster command than find.
How to find files with the locate command
The locate command may not be available by default in your distro. To install it, just install the “mlocate” package.
For Ubuntu/Debian:
sudo apt install mlocate
For CentOS/Fedora:
sudo dnf install mlocate
The locate command runs based on its database. The database gets updated once a day. The fact that locate uses a database makes it faster than the find command. To update the database, just run the following command:
sudo updatedb
The locate command has a simple syntax:
locate term
Where “term” is the word you want to search for in the file names. For example:
locate -i example
Will find all files named “example”. The “-i” option makes the command ignore the case (no case sensitivity), so both the files named “ExAmPlE” and “example” will be found.
Count the number of files with the locate command
To count the number of files instead of finding files with the locate command, you can use the following command:
locate -c example
This will output the number of files named “example”.
It’s very important to update the database before using the locate command because if any files were added or deleted after the database has been updated, it won’t affect your searches with the locate command.

Now that you learned how to use the find and locate commands to find files in Linux, what’s the first example you used? Any other examples you’d like to share?

April 26, 2023
How to, Security, Windows

If you have the following error on Windows 11 “You can’t access this shared folder because your organization’s security policies block unauthenticated guest access error” while accessing shared folder (in my case it was a shared folder on my Unraid NAS).

 
Then Run window (Win + R) and typed gpedit.msc to open the Local Group Policy Editor.

Navigated to Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Network -> Lanman Workstation and selected the Enable insecure guest logons.

Enable it > OK and exit Group Policy Editor.
That’s it, Shared folder access should work now. Enjoy
 
 

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